Nutritional Diseases (9)

Question 1

Primary Nutrition

Answer 1

1 or all things are missing from diet

Question 2

Secondary Nutrition

Answer 2

Malabsorption or impaired storage

Question 3

Severe Acute Malnutrition is due to?

Answer 3

Inadequate intake of proteins and calories

Question 4

Marasmus

Answer 4

Lack of calories

Question 5

Physical exam findings with Marasmus?

Answer 5

Muscle loss, emaciated extremities that creates a LARGE head appearance

Question 6

Kwashiorkor

Answer 6

Lack of proteins

Question 7

Physical exam findings with Kwashiorkor?

Answer 7

Edema, pot belly, areas of hyperpigmentation of the skin

Question 8

Marasmus affects _____ proteins while Kwashiorkor affects ____ proteins

Answer 8

Somatic

Visceral

Question 9

Cachexia

Answer 9

Extreme weight loss and atrophy

Question 10

What can cause cachexia?

Answer 10

Cancers, AIDS - die from respiration muscle loss

Question 11

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 11

Self-induced starvation and weight loss

Question 12

What pathologic finding will be seen with Anorexia Nervosa?

Answer 12

Gelatinous transformation of bone marrow - FAT present!

Question 13

Excess fat present in bone marrow smears suggests?

Answer 13

Anorexia Nervosa

Question 14

Bulimia

Answer 14

Food purging via vomiting or diarrhea using laxitives

Question 15

What 2 things are both Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia susceptible to?

Answer 15

Cardiac Arrhythmias

Hypokalemia

Question 16

Fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 16

ADEK

Question 17

Function of Vitamin A?

Answer 17

Maintenance of vision

Question 18

Deficiency of Vitamin A will cause?

Answer 18

• Night blindness
• Bitot spots
• Epithelial/squamous metaplasia of pulmonary epithelia

Question 19

Vitamin A deficiency causes epithelial to squamous metaplasia of pulmonary epithelium. This increases the presence of?

Answer 19

Infections

Question 20

Xeropthalmia

Answer 20

Dry eye

- Vitamin A deficient

Question 21

Bitot spots are made of?

Answer 21

Keratin

- Vitamin A deficient

Question 22

Toxicity of Vitamin A will result in?

Answer 22

Pseudotumor cerebri = Increased intracranial pressure

– headache, dizziness

Question 23

Function of Vitamin D?

Answer 23

Maintenance of Calcium and Phosphorus

Question 24

Deficiency of Vitamin D will cause?

Answer 24

1. Rickets (in children)

2. Osteomalacia (in adults)

Question 25

Physical exam findings of Rickets?

Answer 25

Vitamin D deficient child

- Frontal bossing, square head, bowing of legs

Question 26

Physical exam findings of Osteomalacia?

Answer 26

Vitamin D deficient adult

- Bones tend to fracture easily

Question 27

Toxicity of Vitamin D will result in?

Answer 27

Hypercalcemia and calcification of soft tissues

Question 28

Absorbic Acid

Answer 28

Vitamin C

Question 29

Deficiency of Vitamin C will cause?

Answer 29

Impaired collagen formation

= IMPAIRED HEALING and frequent hemorrhages!!

Question 30

Where does Vitamin C come from?

Answer 30

ONLY DIET

Question 31

Secondary Vitamin C deficiency?

Answer 31

Erratic diet and eating patterns in older adults that live alone

Question 32

Scurvy is deficient in what vitamin?

Answer 32

Vitamin C deficiency

Question 33

Iron deficient

Answer 33

Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia

Question 34

BMI levels

Answer 34

Normal - 18.5 - 25
Overweight - 25 - 30
Obese - > 30

Question 35

Anabolic circuits effect?

Answer 35

Increase food intake

Question 36

What hormone increases food intake?

Answer 36

Ghrelin

Question 37

Catabolic circuit effect?

Answer 37

Increased energy expenditure

Question 38

What 2 things can adipose tissues release to inhibit food intake and promote fat burn?

Answer 38

Leptin

Adiponectin

Question 39

Obesity can cause insulin resistance. What metabolite will be increased that can contribute to cancers?

Answer 39

IGF-1

Question 40

High levels of IGF-1 are due to?

Answer 40

Increased insulin levels due to insulin resistance of obesity