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MOD > Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is Hematopoiesis?

A

Process of how blood cells are formed

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2
Q

What do all formed blood cells begin from?

A

Hematopoietic Stem Cell

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3
Q

Where does Hematopoiesis occur prenatally?

A

Yolk sac
Liver
Spleen
Bone marrow

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4
Q

Where does Hematopoiesis occur postnatally?

A 
Vertebrae
Pelvis
Sternum
Ribs
Femurs
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5
Q

After puberty, hematopoiesis moves from skeleton to?

A

Axillary location

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6
Q

What are the 2 compartments of bone marrow?

A
  1. Hematopoietic cell compartment

2. Marrow stromal compartment

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7
Q

What is contained in the hematopoietic cell compartment of bone marrow?

A

Hematopoietic stem cells

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8
Q

What is contained in the marrow stromal compartment of bone marrow?

A

Adipocytes
Macrophages
Endothelial cells
Stromal cells

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9
Q

What compartment of the bone marrow produces the hematopoietic growth factors?

A

Marrow stromal compartment

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10
Q

As age INCREASES, what changes occur in the bone marrow?

A

Fat - INCREASES

Red marrow and trabecular bone - DECREASE

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11
Q

If fat is increasing and trabecular bone and red marrow are decreasing, someones age is?

A

Increasing

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12
Q

How do you calculate the % cellularity in the bone marrow?

A

100 - age

- - range of +/- 10%

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13
Q

What growth factor stimulates the hematopoietic stem cell to begin hematopoiesis?

A

Stem cell factor

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14
Q

Action of stem cell factor?

A 
Begins hematopoiesis (weakly)
- Increases cells responsiveness to cytokines
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15
Q

A hematopoietic stem cell can become what 2 things?

A

Myeloid stem cell

Lymphoid stem cell

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16
Q

A lymphoid stem cell can become?

A

T or B cell

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17
Q

What growth factor causes a lymphoid stem cell to become a T cell?

A

IL - 2

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18
Q

What growth factors cause a lymphoid stem cell to become a B cell?

A

IL - 2 and IL - 6

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19
Q

What growth factor helps a hematopoietic stem cell turn into a myeloid stem cell?

A

IL - 3

20
Q

List some options a myeloid stem cell has for what it can become?

A 
RBC (erythrocyte)
Platelet
Neutrophil
Macrophage
Eosinophil
Basophil
Mast cell
21
Q

What growth factor helps a myeloid stem cell create precursor cells for RBCs, platelets, neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils?

A

GM - CSF

22
Q

What growth factor helps a myeloid stem cell create precursor cells for platelets and neutrophils?

A

IL - 6

23
Q

What growth factor helps create RBCs?

A

EPO - erythropoietin

24
Q

Where is erythropoietin made and what can it treat?

A

Made in the kidney

Can treat Anemia

25
Q

What growth factor helps create platelets?

A

TPO - thrombopoietin

26
Q

Where is thrombopoietin made?

A

Made in the liver

27
Q

What growth factor helps create Neutrophils?

A

G - CSF

28
Q

What growth factor helps create Monocytes/Macrophages?

A

M - CSF

29
Q

IL - 6 is a key factor in the _____ reaction

A

Leukemoid

30
Q

What growth factor is a treatment for Neutropenia or after a bone marrow transplant?

A

G - CSF

31
Q

What growth factor is helps mobilize hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow donors?

A

G - CSF

32
Q

TPO helps create what 2 things?

A

Megakaryocytes -> Platelets

33
Q

What are 3 compartments used for macrophage creation?

A

Bone marrow
Blood
Tissues

34
Q

In the bone marrow, a hematopoietic stem cell becomes ____ to eventually create a monocyte in the blood

A

Monoblast

35
Q

In the blood, a monocyte must exit _____ to become a macrophage

A

Exit intravascular space

36
Q

In the blood, a macrophage is?

A

A monocyte

37
Q

Once a monocyte exits the intravascular space to reach the tissue it is?

A

A macrophage

38
Q

Macrophage in the cns

A

Microglia

39
Q

Macrophage in the liver

A

Kupffer cell

40
Q

Macrophage in the bone

A

Osteoclast

41
Q

Macrophage in the lung

A

Alveolar macrophage

42
Q

What are 3 components of blood and what is in them?

A

Plasma - water, proteins, electrolytes
Buffy coat - WBCs and platelets
RBCs

43
Q

What is serum?

A

Liquid portion of clotted blood MINUS fibrinogen and clotting factors

44
Q

Liquid blood + clotting factors and fibrinogen

A

Plasma

45
Q

Liquid blood - clotting factors and fibrinogen

A

Serum

MOD (68 decks)

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