Hematopoiesis Flashcards
What is Hematopoiesis?
Process of how blood cells are formed
What do all formed blood cells begin from?
Hematopoietic Stem Cell
Where does Hematopoiesis occur prenatally?
Yolk sac
Liver
Spleen
Bone marrow
Where does Hematopoiesis occur postnatally?
Vertebrae Pelvis Sternum Ribs Femurs
After puberty, hematopoiesis moves from skeleton to?
Axillary location
What are the 2 compartments of bone marrow?
- Hematopoietic cell compartment
2. Marrow stromal compartment
What is contained in the hematopoietic cell compartment of bone marrow?
Hematopoietic stem cells
What is contained in the marrow stromal compartment of bone marrow?
Adipocytes
Macrophages
Endothelial cells
Stromal cells
What compartment of the bone marrow produces the hematopoietic growth factors?
Marrow stromal compartment
As age INCREASES, what changes occur in the bone marrow?
Fat - INCREASES
Red marrow and trabecular bone - DECREASE
If fat is increasing and trabecular bone and red marrow are decreasing, someones age is?
Increasing
How do you calculate the % cellularity in the bone marrow?
100 - age
- - range of +/- 10%
What growth factor stimulates the hematopoietic stem cell to begin hematopoiesis?
Stem cell factor
Action of stem cell factor?
Begins hematopoiesis (weakly) - Increases cells responsiveness to cytokines
A hematopoietic stem cell can become what 2 things?
Myeloid stem cell
Lymphoid stem cell
A lymphoid stem cell can become?
T or B cell
What growth factor causes a lymphoid stem cell to become a T cell?
IL - 2
What growth factors cause a lymphoid stem cell to become a B cell?
IL - 2 and IL - 6
What growth factor helps a hematopoietic stem cell turn into a myeloid stem cell?
IL - 3
List some options a myeloid stem cell has for what it can become?
RBC (erythrocyte) Platelet Neutrophil Macrophage Eosinophil Basophil Mast cell
What growth factor helps a myeloid stem cell create precursor cells for RBCs, platelets, neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils?
GM - CSF
What growth factor helps a myeloid stem cell create precursor cells for platelets and neutrophils?
IL - 6
What growth factor helps create RBCs?
EPO - erythropoietin
Where is erythropoietin made and what can it treat?
Made in the kidney
Can treat Anemia
What growth factor helps create platelets?
TPO - thrombopoietin
Where is thrombopoietin made?
Made in the liver
What growth factor helps create Neutrophils?
G - CSF
What growth factor helps create Monocytes/Macrophages?
M - CSF
IL - 6 is a key factor in the _____ reaction
Leukemoid
What growth factor is a treatment for Neutropenia or after a bone marrow transplant?
G - CSF
What growth factor is helps mobilize hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow donors?
G - CSF
TPO helps create what 2 things?
Megakaryocytes -> Platelets
What are 3 compartments used for macrophage creation?
Bone marrow
Blood
Tissues
In the bone marrow, a hematopoietic stem cell becomes ____ to eventually create a monocyte in the blood
Monoblast
In the blood, a monocyte must exit _____ to become a macrophage
Exit intravascular space
In the blood, a macrophage is?
A monocyte
Once a monocyte exits the intravascular space to reach the tissue it is?
A macrophage
Macrophage in the cns
Microglia
Macrophage in the liver
Kupffer cell
Macrophage in the bone
Osteoclast
Macrophage in the lung
Alveolar macrophage
What are 3 components of blood and what is in them?
Plasma - water, proteins, electrolytes
Buffy coat - WBCs and platelets
RBCs
What is serum?
Liquid portion of clotted blood MINUS fibrinogen and clotting factors
Liquid blood + clotting factors and fibrinogen
Plasma
Liquid blood - clotting factors and fibrinogen
Serum
