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MOD > Diseases of Immunity - Part 1 > Flashcards

Diseases of Immunity - Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is innate immunity?

A

Pre-existing defense against pathogens

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2
Q

What are the components of innate immunity?

A

Barriers
Complement proteins
Neutrophils, NK cells, Dendritic cells

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3
Q

What is adaptive immunity?

A

Specific, programmed defense to an antigen

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4
Q

What are the components of adaptive immunity?

A

Lymphocytes and Antibodies

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5
Q

What are some barriers involved with innate immunity?

A 
Skin
Mucous membranes
Ciliated epithelia
Tears
Saliva
Acid of the stomach
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6
Q

What are pattern recognition receptors?

A

Receptors that recognize common microbe components

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7
Q

What are 3 types of pattern recognition receptors?

A

Toll-like receptors
Nod-like receptors
C-type lectin receptors

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8
Q

What transcription factors to TLRs activate?

A

NF-KB

IRFs

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9
Q

Job of TLRs?

A

Increase cytokines and adhesion molecules

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10
Q

What do Nod-like receptors recognize and where are they?

A

In cytoplasm; recognize damaged cell products

ATP, uric acid

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11
Q

Job of Nod-like receptors?

A

Activate inflammasome which activates IL-1

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12
Q

What do C-type lectin receptors recognize and where are they?

A

Plasma membrane; recognize fungi

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13
Q

What complement protein is deposited on microbe?

A

C3b

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14
Q

3 jobs of complement activation?

A

MAC formation - lysis of microbe
Phagocytosis of microbe
+C3a/C5a - recruitment of leukocytes and inflammation

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15
Q

What controls NK cell activity?

A

Its receptors

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16
Q

What ligands can inhibit NK cells?

A

Self MHC molecules

Class 1 MHC

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17
Q

What ligands can activate NK cells?

A

Damaged cells recognized by NKG2D receptors

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18
Q

What are the generative organs for adaptive immunity?

A

Bone marrow

Thymus

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19
Q

What occurs at the bone marrow for adaptive immunity?

A

Generate lymphocyte stem cells and mature B lymphocytes

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20
Q

What cells will you find in the bone marrow?

A 
Erythroid RBC precursors
Megakaryocytes (platelet precursors)
Neutrophils
Adipocytes
Endothelium
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21
Q

What occurs at the thymus for adaptive immunity?

A

T lymphocyte maturation

22
Q

Describe T cell migration through the thymus

A

Immature T cells begin at peripheral cortex

As they mature they reach the central medulla

23
Q

What does the medulla of the thymus contain?

A 
Mature T cells
Dendritic APCs with high levels of MCH classes 1 and 2
Hassall corpuscles (squamous cell nests)
24
Q

What are the peripheral organs of adaptive immunity?

A

Lymph nodes
Spleen
Mucosal - associated lymph tissues (tonsils, adenoids, peyer’s patches)

25
Q

What do lymphocytes interact with in lymph nodes?

A

APCs and antigens in circulating lymph

26
Q

In lymph nodes, where are the T and B cells located?

A

T cells = paracortex

B cells = germinal center

27
Q

What occurs at the lymph nodes?

A

T and B cell clonal expansion
B cell differentiation into plasma cells
Migrations of T and plasma cells into circulation

28
Q

What do lymphocytes encounter in the spleen?

A

Blood-borne antigens

29
Q

What purpose do mucosal - associated lymphoid tissues have?

A

Allow lymphocytes to be in close proximity to antigens in mouth and GI tract

30
Q

CD4+

A

Helper T cells

31
Q

Actions of CD4+ helper T cells?

A

Inflammation

Activation of macrophages and other lymphocytes

32
Q

What class and antigen type do CD4+ helper T cells recognize?

A 
MHC class 2
- Extracellular bacteria and allergens in APCs
33
Q

Process of MHC class 2 cells displaying Ag?

A
  • Endolysosomal enzymes take Ag -> peptides
  • Peptides put into vesicle with MHC 2
  • Both sent to surface for display
34
Q

CD8+

A

Cytotoxic T cells

35
Q

Actions of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells?

A

Killing of infected cells

36
Q

What class and antigen type do CD8+ cytotoxic T cells recognize?

A 
MHC class 1
- Intracellular viral and tumor antigens in NUCLEATED cells
37
Q

Process of MHC class 1 cells displaying Ag?

A
  • Proteosome takes Ag -> peptides
  • Peptides taken to ER and bound to MHC 1
  • Both sent to surface for display
38
Q

What are MHC?

A

Peptide display for T cells

HLA

39
Q

Describe Cell-mediated immunity

A

APCs bring back pathogens for T cell recognition

- T cells proliferate, differentiate, migrate and kill

40
Q

Describe Humoral immunity

A
  • B lymphocyte
  • Become plasma cells
  • Produce antibodies
    = Neutralize, phagocytize microbe and activate complement
41
Q

What T cells can help mature B cells?

A

CD4+

42
Q

T cell dependent humoral immunity helps do what 2 things?

A

Isotype switching

Increasing affinity

43
Q

IgM

A

1st Ab produced and is big pentamer

44
Q

IgG

A

Longest 1/2 life and important in fetal protection

45
Q

IgA

A

Mucosal defense and present in high levels of clostrum

46
Q

IgE

A

Shortest 1/2 life and regulates hypersensitivity reactions

47
Q

Which Ab has a high affinity for Fc receptors on mast cells, basophils and eosinophils?

A

IgE

48
Q

Mucosal defense Ab thats in clostrum?

A

IgA

49
Q

Fetal protection Ab?

A

IgG

50
Q

1st Ab produced?

A

IgM

51
Q

If lymphocytes are targeted against a pathogenic antigen, what happens to them?

A

Activated and cloned!

52
Q

If there is a large population of immune cells with SAME genes, what could that indicate?

A

Neoplasia
Lymphoma
Abnormal clone

MOD (68 decks)

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