Red Eye - FM Flashcards
What percentage of ophthalmic patients in Nigeria present with red eye?
14.8% of ophthalmic patients in Nigeria present with red eye.
In Nigeria, is red eye more common in males or females?
Red eye is more common in males than females.
What percentage of red eye cases in Nigerian teaching hospitals are due to allergic conjunctivitis?
40% of red eye cases in Nigerian teaching hospitals are due to allergic conjunctivitis.
What are the most common causes of red eye in Nigerian teaching hospitals?
Common causes include allergic conjunctivitis (40%), microbial conjunctivitis (17%), corneal ulcer (11%), and inflamed pterygium (11%).
What is the primary physiological cause of red eye?
Red eye is primarily caused by dilated scleral blood vessels.
What are some infectious causes of red eye?
Infectious causes include bacteria and viruses.
What are some non-infectious causes of red eye?
Non-infectious causes include allergies, chemical irritation, underlying inflammatory diseases, and trauma.
What are some common allergens that can cause red eye?
Common allergens include pollen, pet dander, dust, chemicals, and contact lens solutions.
What are the common causes of red eye in children?
Common causes in children include bacterial and neonatal conjunctivitis, blepharitis, burns, child abuse, corneal abrasion, eczema, episcleritis, eye allergy, iritis, keratitis, measles, Meibomitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and subconjunctival haemorrhage.
What are the common symptoms associated with red eye?
Symptoms include eye pain, itching, irritation, photophobia, tearing, discharge, swollen eyes, and visual disturbances.
What is the most common cause of subconjunctival haemorrhage?
Sudden increases in pressure (e.g., violent sneezing, straining, or coughing) can cause subconjunctival haemorrhage.
What are the physical exam findings in subconjunctival haemorrhage?
A bright red, dense bloody patch, which may be alarming but is usually insignificant.
What tests are used to diagnose subconjunctival haemorrhage?
Tests include blood pressure measurement, visual acuity and field tests, and funduscopy.
What are the different types of conjunctivitis?
Types of conjunctivitis include allergic, viral, and bacterial.
What is the most common cause of red eye in schoolchildren?
Viral conjunctivitis is the most common cause of red eye in schoolchildren.
How do allergies cause red eye?
Allergens trigger the immune system, leading to histamine release, which dilates blood vessels and causes redness and tearing.
What are the treatment options for allergy-induced red eye?
Treatment includes avoiding allergens and using antihistamine eye drops.
What is dry eye syndrome?
Dry eye syndrome occurs when tear production is insufficient or of poor quality, leading to irritation and inflammation.
How does prolonged computer use contribute to red eye?
Reduced blinking while using screens decreases tear production, leading to dry eyes and redness.
What are some preventive measures for computer vision syndrome?
Prevention includes frequent breaks, specially designed computer glasses, and lubricating eye drops.
What are some possible complications of improper contact lens use?
Improper contact lens use can lead to keratitis, fungal eye infections, and worsened dry eye syndrome.
How does eye injury lead to red eye?
Eye injury causes blood vessel dilation, leading to redness. Injuries can range from minor scratches to deep puncture wounds.
What is a corneal ulcer?
A corneal ulcer is an infective condition of the cornea involving disruption of the epithelial layer and corneal stroma.
What are the risk factors for corneal ulcers in children?
Children with vitamin A deficiency are at higher risk.
What are the symptoms of corneal ulcers?
Symptoms include severe pain, tearing, squinting, vision loss, redness, and miosis.
What diagnostic tools are used for corneal ulcers?
Diagnostic tools include slit lamp examination and fluorescein dye.
How is ocular herpes related to red eye?
Ocular herpes is caused by recurrent infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1).
What are the complications of ocular herpes if left untreated?
If untreated, it can lead to corneal scarring, requiring a corneal transplant.
What are the causes of uveitis?
Causes of uveitis include eye infections, trauma, autoimmune disorders, and unknown factors.
What are the complications of uveitis?
Complications include vision loss, detached retina, cataracts, and increased ocular pressure.
How does glaucoma cause red eye?
Glaucoma can cause gradual and painless vision loss but may present as red eye in acute cases.
What is acute angle-closure glaucoma and why is it an emergency?
Acute angle-closure glaucoma causes severe pain, red eye, halos around lights, and nausea, and can lead to permanent vision loss within hours.
How can excessive use of whitening eye drops worsen red eye?
Whitening eye drops can cause rebound hyperemia, leading to chronic red eye and dry eyes.
What hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause red eye?
Pregnancy can cause dry, itchy eyes, corneal shape changes, intolerance to contact lenses, and blurry vision.
How does smoking contribute to red eye?
Smoking increases the risk of macular degeneration, cataracts, and uveitis, and irritates the eyes.
What environmental hazards can cause red eye?
Environmental hazards include dry air, dust, smoke, wind, excessive sun exposure, and airborne particles like sand, metal, and glass.
How can swimming contribute to red eye?
Swimming pools contain chlorine, and natural water sources may contain bacteria, both of which can cause red eye. Prevention includes using swimming goggles and removing contact lenses before swimming.
