Red Eye - FM Flashcards
What percentage of ophthalmic patients in Nigeria present with red eye?
14.8% of ophthalmic patients in Nigeria present with red eye.
In Nigeria, is red eye more common in males or females?
Red eye is more common in males than females.
What percentage of red eye cases in Nigerian teaching hospitals are due to allergic conjunctivitis?
40% of red eye cases in Nigerian teaching hospitals are due to allergic conjunctivitis.
What are the most common causes of red eye in Nigerian teaching hospitals?
Common causes include allergic conjunctivitis (40%), microbial conjunctivitis (17%), corneal ulcer (11%), and inflamed pterygium (11%).
What is the primary physiological cause of red eye?
Red eye is primarily caused by dilated scleral blood vessels.
What are some infectious causes of red eye?
Infectious causes include bacteria and viruses.
What are some non-infectious causes of red eye?
Non-infectious causes include allergies, chemical irritation, underlying inflammatory diseases, and trauma.
What are some common allergens that can cause red eye?
Common allergens include pollen, pet dander, dust, chemicals, and contact lens solutions.
What are the common causes of red eye in children?
Common causes in children include bacterial and neonatal conjunctivitis, blepharitis, burns, child abuse, corneal abrasion, eczema, episcleritis, eye allergy, iritis, keratitis, measles, Meibomitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and subconjunctival haemorrhage.
What are the common symptoms associated with red eye?
Symptoms include eye pain, itching, irritation, photophobia, tearing, discharge, swollen eyes, and visual disturbances.
What is the most common cause of subconjunctival haemorrhage?
Sudden increases in pressure (e.g., violent sneezing, straining, or coughing) can cause subconjunctival haemorrhage.
What are the physical exam findings in subconjunctival haemorrhage?
A bright red, dense bloody patch, which may be alarming but is usually insignificant.
What tests are used to diagnose subconjunctival haemorrhage?
Tests include blood pressure measurement, visual acuity and field tests, and funduscopy.
What are the different types of conjunctivitis?
Types of conjunctivitis include allergic, viral, and bacterial.
What is the most common cause of red eye in schoolchildren?
Viral conjunctivitis is the most common cause of red eye in schoolchildren.
How do allergies cause red eye?
Allergens trigger the immune system, leading to histamine release, which dilates blood vessels and causes redness and tearing.
What are the treatment options for allergy-induced red eye?
Treatment includes avoiding allergens and using antihistamine eye drops.
What is dry eye syndrome?
Dry eye syndrome occurs when tear production is insufficient or of poor quality, leading to irritation and inflammation.
How does prolonged computer use contribute to red eye?
Reduced blinking while using screens decreases tear production, leading to dry eyes and redness.
What are some preventive measures for computer vision syndrome?
Prevention includes frequent breaks, specially designed computer glasses, and lubricating eye drops.
What are some possible complications of improper contact lens use?
Improper contact lens use can lead to keratitis, fungal eye infections, and worsened dry eye syndrome.
How does eye injury lead to red eye?
Eye injury causes blood vessel dilation, leading to redness. Injuries can range from minor scratches to deep puncture wounds.
What is a corneal ulcer?
A corneal ulcer is an infective condition of the cornea involving disruption of the epithelial layer and corneal stroma.
What are the risk factors for corneal ulcers in children?
Children with vitamin A deficiency are at higher risk.
