Health Planning STEP I-X - HMPD

Question 2

What is the definition of a plan?

Answer 2

A statement of the course of action intended to solve an observed problem.

Question 3

What is health planning?

Answer 3

A systematic process of identifying and specifying desirable future goals, outlining courses of action, and determining resources.

Question 4

Define community diagnosis.

Answer 4

The process of finding out the health needs of a community (felt + observed).

Question 5

What is situation analysis?

Answer 5

The process of determining the capacity of health and other sectors to respond to identified problems.

Question 6

What is baseline data?

Answer 6

Information collected and analysed at the beginning of the planning process.

Question 7

What are the categories of information required for community diagnosis?

Answer 7

Demographic, epidemiological, socio-economic, environmental, health services information.

Question 8

What are the components of demographic information?

Answer 8

Population totals, fertility rate, population structure, distribution, and vital statistics.

Question 9

Define epidemiology.

Answer 9

The study of the distribution, determinants, and deterrents of health and health-related events.

Question 10

What are some examples of health status indicators?

Answer 10

Infant mortality rate (IMR), morbidity rates, mortality rates, disability rates.

Question 11

What are the factors affecting health?

Answer 11

Socioeconomic, geographical, environmental, cultural, attitudinal, and behavioural factors.

Question 12

What is included in health services data?

Answer 12

Health manpower distribution, infrastructure, materials, equipment, financial resources, service utilisation.

Question 13

What are the methods of obtaining community health information?

Answer 13

Observation, discussions, review of clinic records, surveys, document study.

Question 14

What are the sources of health information?

Answer 14

Formal (health institutions, government records) and informal (community leaders, teachers).

Question 15

What is the use of baseline data?

Answer 15

To describe the present health situation and forecast future trends.

Question 16

What are the products of Step I in health planning?

Answer 16

A statement of health problems and trends, social and economic conditions, and demographic projections.

Question 17

Why is prioritisation important in health planning?

Answer 17

Not all identified problems can be solved; prioritisation ensures resources are allocated efficiently.

Question 18

What criteria are used to prioritise health problems?

Answer 18

Who sees the problem, who is affected, magnitude, severity, cost, feasibility.

Question 19

What is an intervention in public health?

Answer 19

Any action directed towards solving a specific health or health-related problem.

Question 20

What are the types of interventions?

Answer 20

Preventive and curative interventions.

Question 21

What is a preventive intervention?

Answer 21

Actions to prevent the occurrence of a health problem (e.g. vaccination).

Question 22

What is a curative intervention?

Answer 22

Actions aimed at curing or eradicating a health problem.

Question 23

Define present intervention.

Answer 23

What is currently being done to address a health problem.

Question 24

Define potential intervention.

Answer 24

What can be done in the future to solve a health problem.

Question 25

What factors are considered in selecting the most appropriate intervention?

Answer 25

Technical, financial, resource feasibility, social acceptability.

Question 26

What is an obstacle in health planning?

Answer 26

A factor that stops or hinders the progress of a planned intervention.

Question 27

What is a constraint in health planning?

Answer 27

A factor that limits or restricts the implementation of an intervention.

Question 28

What are examples of technical obstacles?

Answer 28

Lack of trained manpower, poor infrastructure.

Question 29

What are financial obstacles in health planning?

Answer 29

Inadequate financial resources.

Question 30

What are cultural constraints?

Answer 30

Aversion to certain medical practices, food taboos.

Question 31

What is the difference between an obstacle and a constraint?

Answer 31

An obstacle is a stronger deterrent than a constraint.

Question 32

What is the main product of Step IV in health planning?

Answer 32

A list of obstacles and constraints for each intervention.

Question 33

What is a strategy in health planning?

Answer 33

A systematic plan of action designed to achieve a goal.

Question 34

What are the criteria for successful health strategy formulation?

Answer 34

Emphasises prevention, accessibility, appropriate technology, quality care, and community participation.

Question 35

What is the main product of Step V in health planning?

Answer 35

A statement of selected strategies for intervention.

Question 36

What is an objective in health planning?

Answer 36

A statement of what is to be achieved at the end of a programme.

Question 37

What is an indicator in health planning?

Answer 37

A variable that helps measure change or progress.

Question 38

What are the types of objectives in health planning?

Answer 38

Short-term and long-term objectives.

Question 39

What does the acronym SMART stand for in setting objectives?

Answer 39

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-bound.

Question 40

Why are action verbs important in setting objectives?

Answer 40

They make objectives clearer and measurable.

Question 41

What are the products of Step VI in health planning?

Answer 41

A statement of operational outputs/outcomes for each strategy.

Question 42

What is the purpose of programme micro-planning?

Answer 42

Translating feasible strategies into coordinated health development programmes.

Question 43

What are the key components of an action plan?

Answer 43

What is to be done, how, where, when, by whom, and with what resources.

Question 44

What is the product of Step VII in health planning?

Answer 44

A health development programme with a detailed action plan.

Question 45

What is a support system in health programme planning?

Answer 45

Processes facilitating programme execution, such as logistics, administration, and finance.

Question 46

What are the components of a health programme support system?

Answer 46

Logistics, finance, trained staff, equipment, materials, administration.

Question 47

What is the main product of Step VIII in health planning?

Answer 47

A management information system for administration, finance, and logistics.

Question 48

Define monitoring in health programme planning.

Answer 48

The routine tracking of programme activities to ensure they proceed as planned.

Question 49

What is process monitoring?

Answer 49

Tracking programme implementation inputs and outputs.

Question 50

What is the purpose of monitoring?

Answer 50

To identify implementation problems and facilitate necessary adjustments.

Question 51

What should be monitored in a health programme?

Answer 51

Resources, activities, team performance, obstacles.

Question 52

Define evaluation in health programme planning.

Answer 52

The assessment of a programme's success against predetermined objectives.

Question 53

What is process evaluation?

Answer 53

Measurement of how well activities were performed.

Question 54

What is outcome evaluation?

Answer 54

Measurement of immediate programme results.

Question 55

What is impact evaluation?

Answer 55

Measurement of long-term programme effects.

Question 56

What are the reasons for conducting monitoring and evaluation?

Answer 56

To assess programme efficiency, effectiveness, and impact.

Question 57

What are the types of indicators used in health evaluation?

Answer 57

Process, outcome, and impact indicators.

Question 58

What are the qualities of a good indicator?

Answer 58

Validity, reliability, sensitivity, specificity.

Question 59

What is the product of Step IX in health planning?

Answer 59

A list of selected indicators and evaluation methods.

Question 60

What is a budget in health programme planning?

Answer 60

An estimate of how money will be spent on a programme.

Question 61

Why is budgeting important in health programme planning?

Answer 61

Ensures adequate resource allocation and efficiency.

Question 62

What are the types of budgeting approaches?

Answer 62

Resource-based, activity-based, or a combination.

Question 63

What are the different types of expenditure in budgeting?

Answer 63

Capital, recurrent, and contingency expenditure.

Question 64

What are the steps involved in budget preparation?

Answer 64

Listing resources, identifying available resources, estimating costs, tabulating expenses.

Question 65

What is the difference between capital and recurrent expenditure?

Answer 65

Capital expenditure is for long-term assets; recurrent expenditure is for ongoing costs.

Question 66

What is the product of Step X in health planning?

Answer 66

A comprehensive project budget with funding sources.