Overview of Child Health - MCH Flashcards
What is the main objective of child health?
To promote optimal physical and emotional growth and development of children.
What are the components of child health services?
Promotive services, growth monitoring, immunisation, early diagnosis/treatment, and preventive/curative care.
Define child mortality.
Death before the age of five.
What percentage of total mortality does child mortality account for in developing countries?
Approximately 40% or more.
What is the infant mortality rate (IMR) in Nigeria according to NDHS 2013?
69 per 1,000 live births.
What is the under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) in Nigeria as of NDHS 2013?
128 per 1,000 live births.
What is the child mortality rate in Nigeria?
64 per 1,000 live births.
What is the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target for U5MR by 2030?
Reduce neonatal mortality to 12/1,000 live births and U5MR to 25/1,000 live births.
What are the primary causes of child death in Nigeria?
Malaria, ARI, diarrhoea, measles, HIV, and neonatal causes.
What is the leading underlying cause of under-5 deaths in Nigeria?
Malnutrition, which is linked to 60% of under-5 deaths.
What are the two segments of infant mortality?
Neonatal and post-neonatal mortality.
What factors contribute to neonatal mortality?
Pregnancy complications, delivery injuries, infections, and low birth weight.
What factors influence post-neonatal mortality?
Environmental factors, especially child care quality.
What are the personal factors affecting infant mortality?
Mother’s education, family size, socio-economic status, cultural practices, and health service utilisation.
List some health service factors affecting infant mortality.
Accessibility, availability, acceptability, and health personnel adequacy.
What are the key environmental factors affecting infant mortality?
Water supply, sanitation, housing, vector control, and food hygiene.
Name one community factor and one genetic factor influencing infant mortality.
Community involvement and the prevalence of genetic diseases like sickle cell anaemia.
What are the objectives of child survival strategies?
To reduce child morbidity/mortality and promote holistic growth and development.
Define growth monitoring.
Regularly weighing children and comparing their growth to healthy reference standards.
What is the composition of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT)?
Sodium chloride (2.6g), sodium citrate (2.9g), potassium chloride (1.5g), and glucose (13.5g) per litre of water.
How can a homemade ORT solution be prepared?
Mix ½ teaspoon salt and 6 teaspoons sugar in 1 litre of boiled, cooled water.
Why is breastfeeding important for child health?
It provides nutrients, prevents infections, and promotes mother-infant bonding.
What are the benefits of breastfeeding in reducing childhood mortality and morbidity?
Reduces mortality by 5–45 times and aids child spacing.
What is the vaccination schedule under Nigeria’s National Program of Immunization?
Birth: BCG, OPV0, HBV1; 6 weeks: OPV1, Pentavalent1; 10 weeks: OPV2, Pentavalent2; 14 weeks: OPV3, Pentavalent3; 9 months: Measles, Yellow fever.
How does female education affect child health outcomes?
Improves literacy, reduces child mortality, delays childbearing, and enhances service utilisation.
What is the relationship between family planning and child health?
Reduces mortality in closely spaced or large families.
What is the significance of food supplementation for at-risk populations?
Reduces low birth weight risk and enhances infant survival.
What is GOBI-FFF?
Growth Monitoring, Oral Rehydration Therapy, Breastfeeding, Immunisation, Female education, Family planning, Food supplementation.
What are some causes of neonatal mortality in Nigeria?
Low birth weight, congenital abnormalities, asphyxia, and infections.
How does the availability of health services affect infant mortality?
Better access improves outcomes; limited access worsens them.
