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Community Health > Patient Centred Care - FM > Flashcards

Patient Centred Care - FM Flashcards

1
Q

What is a “model of care”?

A

A multifaceted concept defining how health services are delivered, outlining best practice patient care through service principles across clinical streams and patient flow continuums.

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2
Q

What are the two dominant models of care in medicine?

A

Traditional biomedical (Newtonian/doctor-centred model) and holistic bio-psychosocial (Einsteinian/patient-centred model).

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3
Q

In the traditional biomedical model, how is the patient’s illness interpreted?

A

The doctor interprets the illness using their explanatory framework, with minimal patient participation, aiming to classify symptoms and signs with organic pathology.

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4
Q

What is the focus of the Newtonian biomedical model?

A

It focuses on the identification and treatment of organic diseases, relying heavily on scientific methods and mechanistic principles.

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5
Q

How does the doctor-centred Newtonian model view disease?

A

Disease is viewed as a deviation from normal biological functioning, often without considering the patient’s psychological or social context.

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6
Q

What are the limitations of the Newtonian model?

A

It does not adequately address chronic diseases, psychological factors, or socio-cultural influences that impact health outcomes.

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7
Q

What is the Einsteinian bio-psychosocial model?

A

A holistic approach that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors to provide patient-centred care.

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8
Q

How does the Einsteinian model emphasise patient-centred care?

A

It involves understanding the patient’s perspective and actively including them in decisions about their care.

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9
Q

What role does patient participation play in the bio-psychosocial model?

A

Patient participation ensures that care is tailored to their specific needs, fostering better outcomes.

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10
Q

What is the significance of addressing socio-cultural factors in patient care?

A

Addressing socio-cultural factors helps in understanding barriers to healthcare access and treatment adherence.

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11
Q

How does the biomedical model fall short in addressing chronic diseases?

A

It overlooks the complex interplay of chronic illnesses with psychological and social dimensions, leading to incomplete care.

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12
Q

What is the impact of not considering psychological factors in healthcare?

A

Neglecting psychological factors can result in poor patient compliance and worsened outcomes.

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13
Q

What are sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

A

Infections primarily transmitted through sexual contact, caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.

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14
Q

Name five common STIs.

A

Gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia, genital herpes, and human papillomavirus (HPV).

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15
Q

What are the main modes of STI transmission?

A

Sexual contact, vertical transmission during childbirth, and sharing of needles.

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16
Q

What socio-cultural factors influence the spread of STIs?

A

Cultural taboos, lack of education, and gender power imbalances.

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17
Q

How does HIV/AIDS relate to other STIs?

A

Untreated STIs increase susceptibility to HIV infection and worsen its prognosis.

18
Q

What are the main ways to prevent STIs?

A

Using condoms, regular screenings, vaccinations, and education.

19
Q

Why is patient education critical in STI prevention?

A

It empowers individuals to make informed decisions about sexual health and seek timely treatment.

20
Q

How does stigma affect the management of STIs?

A

Stigma discourages individuals from seeking diagnosis and treatment, leading to further spread.

21
Q

What are the common symptoms of STIs in men?

A

Discharge from the penis, painful urination, and sores or warts on the genitals.

22
Q

What are the common symptoms of STIs in women?

A

Unusual vaginal discharge, pain during intercourse, and pelvic pain.

23
Q

How can untreated STIs affect fertility?

A

By causing scarring of the reproductive organs or increasing the risk of ectopic pregnancy.

24
Q

What diagnostic methods are commonly used to detect STIs?

A

Blood tests, urine tests, and swab samples from affected areas.

25
Q

How does socio-economic status influence STI prevalence?

A

Lower socio-economic status often correlates with reduced access to healthcare and education.

26
Q

Why is regular screening important for STI prevention?

A

Early detection prevents complications and reduces transmission rates.

27
Q

What are the major barriers to STI treatment in low-resource settings?

A

Lack of resources, cultural stigma, and limited healthcare infrastructure.

28
Q

How do cultural beliefs about sexuality impact STI prevention?

A

Misconceptions about contraception and sexual health limit prevention efforts.

29
Q

What is the global prevalence of HIV/AIDS?

A

Approximately 38 million people globally are living with HIV/AIDS as of recent data.

30
Q

What is the relationship between untreated STIs and increased HIV transmission risk?

A

STIs cause genital inflammation, which increases vulnerability to HIV infection.

31
Q

How can healthcare providers reduce the stigma surrounding STIs?

A

By promoting open discussions, ensuring confidentiality, and offering non-judgmental care.

32
Q

What is the role of partner notification in STI management?

A

Partner notification helps to identify and treat exposed individuals, breaking the chain of transmission.

33
Q

How do structural inequalities impact STI prevalence?

A

Poverty, discrimination, and lack of access to healthcare exacerbate STI rates in marginalised populations.

34
Q

What strategies can improve STI awareness in communities?

A

Community outreach, media campaigns, and culturally sensitive education programmes.

35
Q

What is the role of vaccines in STI prevention?

A

Vaccines like the HPV vaccine effectively prevent certain STIs.

36
Q

How does antibiotic resistance impact STI treatment?

A

Resistance to antibiotics like penicillin complicates treatment protocols for bacterial STIs.

37
Q

What are the social consequences of untreated STIs?

A

Social ostracism, relationship difficulties, and mental health challenges.

38
Q

What is vertical transmission, and how does it occur in HIV/AIDS?

A

The transmission of HIV from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding.

39
Q

What are the challenges of treating HIV co-infection with other STIs?

A

Drug interactions and immune suppression complicate the treatment of co-infections.

40
Q

How can schools contribute to STI prevention and education?

A

Comprehensive sexual education and awareness campaigns reduce misinformation and risky behaviours.

Community Health (33 decks)

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