Patient Centred Care - FM Flashcards
What is a “model of care”?
A multifaceted concept defining how health services are delivered, outlining best practice patient care through service principles across clinical streams and patient flow continuums.
What are the two dominant models of care in medicine?
Traditional biomedical (Newtonian/doctor-centred model) and holistic bio-psychosocial (Einsteinian/patient-centred model).
In the traditional biomedical model, how is the patient’s illness interpreted?
The doctor interprets the illness using their explanatory framework, with minimal patient participation, aiming to classify symptoms and signs with organic pathology.
What is the focus of the Newtonian biomedical model?
It focuses on the identification and treatment of organic diseases, relying heavily on scientific methods and mechanistic principles.
How does the doctor-centred Newtonian model view disease?
Disease is viewed as a deviation from normal biological functioning, often without considering the patient’s psychological or social context.
What are the limitations of the Newtonian model?
It does not adequately address chronic diseases, psychological factors, or socio-cultural influences that impact health outcomes.
What is the Einsteinian bio-psychosocial model?
A holistic approach that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors to provide patient-centred care.
How does the Einsteinian model emphasise patient-centred care?
It involves understanding the patient’s perspective and actively including them in decisions about their care.
What role does patient participation play in the bio-psychosocial model?
Patient participation ensures that care is tailored to their specific needs, fostering better outcomes.
What is the significance of addressing socio-cultural factors in patient care?
Addressing socio-cultural factors helps in understanding barriers to healthcare access and treatment adherence.
How does the biomedical model fall short in addressing chronic diseases?
It overlooks the complex interplay of chronic illnesses with psychological and social dimensions, leading to incomplete care.
What is the impact of not considering psychological factors in healthcare?
Neglecting psychological factors can result in poor patient compliance and worsened outcomes.
What are sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?
Infections primarily transmitted through sexual contact, caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.
Name five common STIs.
Gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia, genital herpes, and human papillomavirus (HPV).
What are the main modes of STI transmission?
Sexual contact, vertical transmission during childbirth, and sharing of needles.
What socio-cultural factors influence the spread of STIs?
Cultural taboos, lack of education, and gender power imbalances.
How does HIV/AIDS relate to other STIs?
Untreated STIs increase susceptibility to HIV infection and worsen its prognosis.
What are the main ways to prevent STIs?
Using condoms, regular screenings, vaccinations, and education.
Why is patient education critical in STI prevention?
It empowers individuals to make informed decisions about sexual health and seek timely treatment.
How does stigma affect the management of STIs?
Stigma discourages individuals from seeking diagnosis and treatment, leading to further spread.
What are the common symptoms of STIs in men?
Discharge from the penis, painful urination, and sores or warts on the genitals.
What are the common symptoms of STIs in women?
Unusual vaginal discharge, pain during intercourse, and pelvic pain.
How can untreated STIs affect fertility?
By causing scarring of the reproductive organs or increasing the risk of ectopic pregnancy.
What diagnostic methods are commonly used to detect STIs?
Blood tests, urine tests, and swab samples from affected areas.
