Public Health Impact and Prevention of STIs and HIV - MCH Flashcards
What are the main types of agents causing STIs?
Bacterial, viral, protozoal agents, and ectoparasites.
List two common viral STIs.
HIV/AIDS, Herpes genitalis.
Name three bacterial STIs.
Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Chancroid.
What is the prevalence of gonorrhoea globally?
0.18
Which STI is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Gonorrhoea.
What are the two types of HIV, and which is more virulent?
HIV-1 and HIV-2; HIV-1 is more virulent.
What percentage of people with gonorrhoea are asymptomatic?
90% of women and a significant proportion of men.
Name one STI transmitted by ectoparasites.
Scabies or crab louse.
What is the global incidence of HIV/AIDS as of 2022?
Approximately 39 million persons.
What is the highest HIV prevalence rate in Nigerian regions?
South-South zone (3.1%).
What factors increase the risk of STIs among adolescents?
Early sexual activity, lack of STI care, and less stable relationships.
Which gender is more at risk for STIs, and why?
Females, due to early sexual debut and higher-risk older partners.
What cultural practices in Nigeria increase STI risks?
Wife inheritance, polygamy, forced marriages, and widow cleansing.
How does polygamy influence STI transmission risks?
Increases risk when one partner has casual sexual relationships.
What are the main methods of HIV transmission?
Sexual intercourse, blood contact, and mother-to-child transmission.
What are common symptoms of STIs?
Abnormal discharge, sores, rashes, pain during urination or intercourse, or no symptoms.
What is the prevalence rate of syphilis in adolescents aged 14–19 years in Nigeria?
T. vaginalis: 9–11%, N. gonorrhoea: 0–3%, C. trachomatis: 2–11%.
Name three high-risk populations for HIV in Africa.
MSM, commercial sex workers, long-distance drivers.
How does poverty impact STI prevalence?
Limited access to healthcare, education, and STI awareness.
Which STI is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis?
Trichomoniasis.
List two consequences of STIs related to mother-to-child transmission.
Chronic diseases and increased HIV acquisition risk.
Which STI has been linked with increased HIV risk?
Gonorrhoea.
Describe the role of fidelity in reducing STI transmission.
Reduces STI transmission to zero when mutual fidelity is observed.
Name three body fluids where HIV is found in high concentrations.
Blood, semen, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
