Public Health Impact and Prevention of STIs and HIV - MCH

Question 1

What are the main types of agents causing STIs?

Answer 1

Bacterial, viral, protozoal agents, and ectoparasites.

Question 2

List two common viral STIs.

Answer 2

HIV/AIDS, Herpes genitalis.

Question 3

Name three bacterial STIs.

Answer 3

Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Chancroid.

Question 4

What is the prevalence of gonorrhoea globally?

Answer 4

0.18

Question 5

Which STI is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Answer 5

Gonorrhoea.

Question 6

What are the two types of HIV, and which is more virulent?

Answer 6

HIV-1 and HIV-2; HIV-1 is more virulent.

Question 7

What percentage of people with gonorrhoea are asymptomatic?

Answer 7

90% of women and a significant proportion of men.

Question 8

Name one STI transmitted by ectoparasites.

Answer 8

Scabies or crab louse.

Question 9

What is the global incidence of HIV/AIDS as of 2022?

Answer 9

Approximately 39 million persons.

Question 10

What is the highest HIV prevalence rate in Nigerian regions?

Answer 10

South-South zone (3.1%).

Question 11

What factors increase the risk of STIs among adolescents?

Answer 11

Early sexual activity, lack of STI care, and less stable relationships.

Question 12

Which gender is more at risk for STIs, and why?

Answer 12

Females, due to early sexual debut and higher-risk older partners.

Question 13

What cultural practices in Nigeria increase STI risks?

Answer 13

Wife inheritance, polygamy, forced marriages, and widow cleansing.

Question 14

How does polygamy influence STI transmission risks?

Answer 14

Increases risk when one partner has casual sexual relationships.

Question 15

What are the main methods of HIV transmission?

Answer 15

Sexual intercourse, blood contact, and mother-to-child transmission.

Question 16

What are common symptoms of STIs?

Answer 16

Abnormal discharge, sores, rashes, pain during urination or intercourse, or no symptoms.

Question 17

What is the prevalence rate of syphilis in adolescents aged 14–19 years in Nigeria?

Answer 17

T. vaginalis: 9–11%, N. gonorrhoea: 0–3%, C. trachomatis: 2–11%.

Question 18

Name three high-risk populations for HIV in Africa.

Answer 18

MSM, commercial sex workers, long-distance drivers.

Question 19

How does poverty impact STI prevalence?

Answer 19

Limited access to healthcare, education, and STI awareness.

Question 20

Which STI is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 20

Trichomoniasis.

Question 21

List two consequences of STIs related to mother-to-child transmission.

Answer 21

Chronic diseases and increased HIV acquisition risk.

Question 22

Which STI has been linked with increased HIV risk?

Answer 22

Gonorrhoea.

Question 23

Describe the role of fidelity in reducing STI transmission.

Answer 23

Reduces STI transmission to zero when mutual fidelity is observed.

Question 24

Name three body fluids where HIV is found in high concentrations.

Answer 24

Blood, semen, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).