Overview of Public Health- PPHC Flashcards
What is the definition of Primary Health Care (PHC)?
PHC is essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound, and socially acceptable methods, made universally accessible to individuals and families through their full participation at a cost they can afford.
What are the key components of PHC?
Immunisation, maternal and child health, nutrition, minor ailment treatment, mental health, dental health, safe water, basic sanitation, health education, and endemic disease control.
List the implications of PHC.
Individuals and communities take responsibility for their health, and health professionals support and enable this.
What is the role of individuals, families, and communities in PHC?
To take responsibility for their health through participation and self-reliance.
What is the role of health professionals in PHC?
From being providers to enablers of health.
Name the factors affecting health as outlined in PHC.
Cultural, environmental, socio-economic, geographical, and personal factors.
List the elements of PHC.
Immunisation, maternal & child health, nutrition, sanitation, mental health, etc.
What does a cohesive definition of PHC entail?
Addressing health needs through life course, prioritising services, addressing health determinants, and empowering communities.
What are the areas of activity in PHC?
Community participation, intersectoral collaboration, and support from formal health systems.
Why is community participation essential in PHC?
It enhances sustainability and ensures that activities meet community needs.
What are the achievements of health goals through PHC?
By ensuring universal access to education, water, housing, employment, etc.
Why is PHC important?
PHC responds to economic, technological, and demographic changes affecting health.
Describe the framework for health services in PHC.
It ensures equity, availability, acceptability, and universal access.
What are the minimum standards for universal access in PHC?
Availability of services, trained personnel, and defined catchment areas.
Identify the barriers to PHC service delivery.
Organisational structures, resource allocation, and community participation challenges.
What are the challenges in planning at the federal level?
Scattered elements across ministries and lack of intersectoral collaboration.
Name the invisible challenges in PHC implementation.
Record-keeping systems, authority distribution, shared vision, and organisational loyalty.
What strategies enhance community participation in PHC?
Use local organisations, self-help activities, and cultural compatibility strategies.
Differentiate between the top-down and bottom-up approaches in PHC.
Top-down is directive, while bottom-up encourages community-led initiatives.
What is the importance of intersectoral collaboration in PHC?
It ensures integrated actions across sectors for health improvement.
How does PHC address socio-economic conditions?
By addressing housing, funding, water, and employment through public policies.
What are the challenges in community-level implementation of PHC?
Complex family loyalties, power groups, and non-homogenous communities.
Define ‘felt needs’ versus ‘observed needs’ in PHC.
Felt needs reflect community perspectives, while observed needs are assessed by health workers.
What is the role of education in achieving PHC goals?
Female and general education improves awareness and access to health services.
Describe the planning and allocation of resources in PHC.
Balancing curative vs preventive and urban vs rural priorities.
How does PHC empower individuals and families?
By involving them in decision-making and promoting self-reliance.
What are the features of successful PHC implementation?
Long-term resource commitments, community involvement, and equitable access.
What strategies ensure compatibility with local cultural patterns in PHC?
Using local forums, radio, and health activities compatible with cultural norms.
How does PHC promote sustainability and self-reliance?
Through education, capacity-building, and sustainable health initiatives.
What role do local social organisations play in PHC?
Mobilising community participation and ensuring programme sustainability.
How are community health patterns integrated into PHC activities?
Aligning activities with existing community health behaviours.
What is the significance of equity in PHC access?
To ensure all demographic groups access necessary services.
Explain the role of female education in PHC.
Improves maternal and child health outcomes and gender equity.
What are the political commitments required for effective PHC?
For resource allocation and structural changes in health delivery systems.
How does PHC address rapid demographic and technological changes?
By adapting services and policies to evolving population needs.
