Fevers_ COVID19 and EVD - FM Flashcards
What is the causative agent of COVID-19?
COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2.
Where was COVID-19 first identified?
It was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.
How does COVID-19 primarily spread?
Through respiratory droplets expelled when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.
What are the common symptoms of COVID-19?
Fever, dry cough, fatigue, and loss of taste or smell.
What are the severe symptoms of COVID-19?
Difficulty breathing, chest pain, confusion, and bluish lips or face.
How long after exposure do COVID-19 symptoms typically appear?
Symptoms typically appear 2-14 days post-exposure.
Which groups are at higher risk of severe COVID-19 illness?
Older adults, individuals with pre-existing conditions (e.g., cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, cancer), and unvaccinated people.
What is a critical tool in preventing severe outcomes of COVID-19?
Vaccination.
What are some personal protective measures against COVID-19?
Wearing masks, maintaining a 1-meter distance, frequent hand washing or use of sanitizers.
What public health measures have been used to control COVID-19?
Quarantine, isolation, travel restrictions, and lockdowns.
What is the gold standard test for detecting active COVID-19 infection?
PCR tests.
What are the types of COVID-19 diagnostic tests?
PCR tests, rapid antigen tests, and antibody tests.
What is the primary treatment approach for COVID-19?
Supportive care, including oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation for severe cases.
Which medication has shown efficacy in reducing COVID-19 severity and mortality?
Dexamethasone.
What is Long COVID?
A condition where symptoms persist for weeks or months after the acute infection has resolved.
What are common symptoms of Long COVID?
Fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and respiratory difficulties.
How has SARS-CoV-2 evolved over time?
SARS-CoV-2 has mutated, leading to variants such as Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron.
Why is variant monitoring important in COVID-19 management?
To inform vaccine updates and public health responses.
How has COVID-19 impacted global healthcare systems and economies?
It has strained healthcare systems, disrupted economies, and affected societies globally.
What is the key takeaway for medical students regarding COVID-19?
Stay informed about evolving guidelines and research to ensure patient safety and public health protection.
Who is Ameyo Adadevoh?
A Nigerian doctor credited with preventing the spread of Ebola in Nigeria.
What is the average case fatality rate of Ebola Virus Disease?
Around 50%, varying from 25% to 90%.
What are the key strategies for controlling Ebola outbreaks?
Patient care, infection prevention, surveillance, contact tracing, laboratory services, safe burials, and community engagement.
What are the early symptoms of Ebola?
Flu-like symptoms including fever, headache, and muscle pain.
How does Ebola progress in severe cases?
Severe vomiting, diarrhea, and bleeding.
What is the causative agent of Ebola Virus Disease?
Species from the genus Ebolavirus.
How is Ebola transmitted from animals to humans?
From bats, non-human primates, and antelope.
What are the human-to-human transmission routes of Ebola?
Through direct contact with blood or body fluids of an infected person.
What family does the Ebola virus belong to?
Filoviridae family.
What are the types of Ebolavirus?
Zaire ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, Taï Forest ebolavirus, Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus.
Which type of Ebola virus is known to cause Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)?
Zaire ebolavirus.
What treatments have been recommended by WHO for Ebola?
mAb114 (Ebanga) and REGN-EB3 (Inmazeb).
What is the primary method of supportive care for Ebola patients?
Early supportive care with fluids, blood transfusions, and symptom management.
What vaccines are available for Ebola?
Vaccines for Zaire ebolavirus.
How can Ebola infection be prevented?
Protective equipment, avoiding contact with body fluids, and vaccination.
