Prevention of Dental Caries and Periodontal Diseases - PPPHC Flashcards
What is dental caries, and what factors are involved in its initiation and progress?
Dental caries is an infectious multifactorial disease, with different factors contributing to its initiation and progress.
What are the four main factors involved in dental caries?
The four main factors involved in dental caries are the host (e.g., morphology, age, saliva production), supragingival plaque microorganisms, diet (specifically refined carbohydrates), and time.
What are the methods directed at increasing host resistance to dental caries?
Methods directed at increasing host resistance to caries include fluoride application, both systemic (e.g., water fluoridation, fluoride supplements) and topical (e.g., fluoride toothpaste, gels).
How can fluoride prevent dental caries?
Fluoride prevents dental caries by affecting tooth morphology and mineral composition, and by reducing enamel dissolution, accelerating remineralization, and inhibiting plaque microorganisms.
What are the systemic and topical methods of fluoride application?
Systemic fluoride application includes water fluoridation, fluoride supplements, and fluoride salt. Topical fluoride application includes fluoride solutions, gels, mouth rinses, and toothpaste.
What are the effects of fluoride on dental caries, both pre-eruptive and post-eruptive?
Pre-eruptive fluoride affects tooth morphology and converts calcium hydroxyl phosphate to calcium fluoroapatite. Post-eruptive fluoride reduces enamel dissolution, accelerates remineralization, and inhibits acid production by plaque microorganisms.
What are fissure sealants, and how do they help prevent dental caries?
Fissure sealants are fluid resin materials applied to the pits and fissures of teeth to prevent dental caries by eliminating stagnation areas.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of fissure sealants?
Advantages of fissure sealants include occlusion of fissures, adherence to tooth surfaces, and a reduction in caries by 86.3%. Disadvantages include the cost.
How can plaque control prevent dental caries?
Plaque control can prevent dental caries by reducing the plaque accumulation on teeth, particularly in the pits and fissures of molars and premolars.
What are some effective home care methods for plaque control?
Effective home care methods for plaque control include tooth brushing, flossing, and oral rinsing.
What are some professional methods for plaque control?
Professional methods for plaque control include manual scaling and mechanical plaque removal using ultrasonic scalers.
What dietary recommendations should be made to prevent dental caries?
Dietary recommendations include reducing sucrose consumption, avoiding sweets between meals, emphasizing foods that require chewing, and avoiding soft, sticky foods.
What is periodontal disease, and what does the periodontium consist of?
Periodontal disease is a disease affecting the gums and supporting tissues of the teeth. The periodontium consists of the periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone, and gingivae.
What are the signs and symptoms of periodontal diseases?
Signs and symptoms of periodontal diseases include swollen and red gums, bleeding gums, bad breath, sensitive teeth, deep pockets, mobile teeth, drifting teeth, pus, and tooth loss.
What are the key etiologic factors contributing to periodontal diseases?
Key etiologic factors for periodontal diseases include poor plaque control, smoking, diabetes, and genetics.
What is the goal of prevention for periodontal diseases?
The goal of prevention for periodontal diseases is to control plaque accumulation, educate the community on oral health, and reduce the incidence of periodontal disease.
What is primary prevention in periodontal diseases?
Primary prevention involves oral health education and effective plaque control through tooth brushing and the use of antiseptic mouthwashes.
What is secondary prevention in periodontal diseases?
Secondary prevention involves screening for early stages of periodontal disease and treating with scaling and root planning, along with oral hygiene instruction.
What is tertiary prevention in periodontal diseases?
Tertiary prevention involves the rehabilitation of periodontal disease, including the extraction of hopeless teeth and replacement with dental prosthetics.
