Basic And Extended Life Support- FM

Question 1

What is the primary purpose of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)?

Answer 1

To sustain life by maintaining breathing and circulation until emergency aid arrives.

Question 2

After how many minutes without oxygen does brain damage begin?

Answer 2

After 3-4 minutes.

Question 3

What does the term “CAB” in resuscitation stand for?

Answer 3

Circulation, Airway, Breathing.

Question 4

What is the recommended compression depth during chest compressions in adults?

Answer 4

At least 5 cm (2 inches).

Question 5

How many compressions per minute are recommended during CPR?

Answer 5

At least 100 compressions per minute.

Question 6

What is the ratio of chest compressions to rescue breaths in Basic Life Support (BLS)?

Answer 6

30 compressions to 2 breaths.

Question 7

What is the role of the team leader during resuscitation?

Answer 7

Assign roles, monitor performance, and provide coordination.

Question 8

What does “closed-loop communication” involve in team resuscitation?

Answer 8

Ensuring messages are heard, acknowledged, and acted upon.

Question 9

What is the primary goal of defibrillation during cardiac arrest?

Answer 9

To reset the heart’s rhythm for effective circulation.

Question 10

What is the most common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious victim?

Answer 10

The tongue.

Question 11

What are the “Hs and Ts” in cardiac arrest management?

Answer 11

Hypoxia, hypovolemia, hydrogen ion (acidosis), hypo-/hyperkalemia, hypothermia, toxins, tamponade, tension pneumothorax, thrombosis, trauma.

Question 12

When should a victim be placed in the recovery position?

Answer 12

When the victim starts breathing independently.

Question 13

How often should rescuers switch during CPR to avoid fatigue?

Answer 13

Every 2 minutes.

Question 14

What is the role of an automated external defibrillator (AED)?

Answer 14

To analyse rhythm and deliver shocks if necessary.

Question 15

How should abdominal thrusts be performed on a responsive adult?

Answer 15

With quick upward abdominal thrusts.

Question 16

What interventions are central to Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS)?

Answer 16

High-quality CPR, early defibrillation, and identifying arrhythmias.

Question 17

What are the stages of resuscitation according to BLS principles?

Answer 17

Airway, Breathing, Circulation (ABC).

Question 18

Why should interruptions in chest compressions be minimised during CPR?

Answer 18

To maintain perfusion and cerebral oxygenation.

Question 19

What is the target temperature range for therapeutic hypothermia?

Answer 19

32°C–34°C.

Question 20

What is the recommended blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) target post-resuscitation?

Answer 20

SpO2 ≥94%.

Question 21

What does asynchronous ventilation mean in ACLS?

Answer 21

Ventilation delivered independently of chest compressions.

Question 22

How can over-ventilation during resuscitation affect cardiac output?

Answer 22

It reduces venous return, decreasing cardiac output.

Question 23

What is the purpose of using a face shield or mask during rescue breathing?

Answer 23

To prevent contamination and provide effective ventilation.

Question 24

What is the sequence of steps when using an AED?

Answer 24

Power on, attach pads, analyse rhythm, deliver shock.

Question 25

What rhythm abnormalities are considered shockable?

Answer 25

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT).

Question 26

How is a carotid pulse checked during CPR?

Answer 26

By palpating the carotid artery for 5-10 seconds.

Question 27

What is the universal choking sign?

Answer 27

Clutching the neck with the thumb and fingers.

Question 28

How is the airway opened in a suspected cervical spine injury?

Answer 28

Use a jaw thrust instead of a head tilt.

Question 29

What is the compression-to-ventilation ratio for a patient with an advanced airway?

Answer 29

Continuous compressions with 8-10 breaths per minute.

Question 30

What are the main causes of non-shockable cardiac arrest?

Answer 30

Asystole and pulseless electrical activity (PEA).

Question 31

What defines high-quality chest compressions?

Answer 31

Sufficient depth, proper rate, and minimal interruptions.

Question 32

When should drug therapy be introduced during ACLS?

Answer 32

During a pause in compressions or if indicated by the algorithm.

Question 33

What are examples of reversible causes of cardiac arrest?

Answer 33

Hs and Ts

Question 34

What are signs of effective CPR?

Answer 34

Visible chest rise and palpable pulses.

Question 35

What are the signs of poor air exchange in choking?

Answer 35

Ineffective or absent cough, cyanosis, high-pitched sounds, and inability to speak.

Question 36

What is the management for a responsive choking victim lying down?

Answer 36

Perform abdominal or chest thrusts.

Question 37

What drugs are commonly used during ACLS?

Answer 37

Epinephrine, amiodarone, atropine, adenosine.

Question 38

What is Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC)?

Answer 38

Spontaneous return of circulation with effective perfusion.

Question 39

How is ventilation provided with an advanced airway in place?

Answer 39

At a rate of 8-10 breaths per minute.

Question 40

What are the risks associated with rib fractures during CPR?

Answer 40

Fractures to ribs or damage to organs like the liver or spleen.

Question 41

Why is mutual respect critical in team resuscitation?

Answer 41

It ensures teamwork and reduces conflict.

Question 42

What should be done immediately after a shock is delivered with a defibrillator?

Answer 42

Resume chest compressions.

Question 43

What is the recommended glycaemic control range post-cardiac arrest?

Answer 43

144-180 mg/dL.

Question 44

How does ACLS address bradycardia?

Answer 44

Administer atropine and consider pacing if unresponsive.

Question 45

What is the recommended approach to diagnosing cardiac arrest in an unresponsive victim?

Answer 45

Assess unresponsiveness and check for breathing and pulse.

Question 46

What is the recovery position?

Answer 46

Side-lying position to maintain an open airway.

Question 47

Why should chest recoil be allowed during compressions?

Answer 47

To allow for adequate heart refilling.

Question 48

What is the main difference between BLS and ACLS?

Answer 48

ACLS includes advanced interventions like drugs and defibrillation.

Question 49

What are the benefits of therapeutic hypothermia in post-cardiac arrest care?

Answer 49

Reduces brain damage by lowering metabolic demand.

Question 50

What are potential complications of CPR?

Answer 50

Rib fractures, organ damage, and aspiration.