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Community Health > Complementary and Traditional Medicine - FM > Flashcards

Complementary and Traditional Medicine - FM Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main reasons people use health care services?

A

To cure illnesses, prevent future health issues, reduce pain, and obtain health information.

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2
Q

How can health care utilization be categorized?

A

Appropriate/inappropriate, high/low quality, expensive/inexpensive.

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3
Q

What does the study of trends in health care utilization help identify?

A

Disparities in access to or quality of care.

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4
Q

How can trends in utilization be used for future projections?

A

Forecasting health care needs, expenditures, and workforce training.

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5
Q

What impact have new and emerging technologies had on health care utilization?

A

They have changed patterns of care and sites where care is provided.

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6
Q

How do antibiotics and public health initiatives affect health care utilization?

A

They have reduced the need for treatment of infectious diseases but increased antibiotic resistance.

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7
Q

What role do chronic diseases play in health care utilization?

A

They increase the demand for ongoing treatment and management.

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8
Q

How does aging influence health care utilization?

A

Older individuals tend to require more health care services.

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9
Q

How do provider practice patterns affect treatment approaches?

A

They determine whether providers emphasise one treatment over another.

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10
Q

What is the impact of preventive medication guidelines on health care utilization?

A

They encourage long-term use of medications for chronic conditions.

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11
Q

What are the three main factors influencing health care utilization?

A

Predisposing, enabling, and need factors.

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12
Q

What are examples of predisposing factors in health care utilization?

A

Age, sex, religion, occupation, education, family size, ethnicity, culture, attitudes, beliefs.

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13
Q

What are examples of enabling factors in health care utilization?

A

Income, proximity, availability, costs, health insurance, free care.

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14
Q

What are examples of need factors in health care utilization?

A

Disease, symptoms, health status, disability days.

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15
Q

How do health services factors influence utilization?

A

Quality of care, treatment type, facility type, loyalty to provider.

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16
Q

Which factor is most important in determining health care utilization?

A

Need factors (Need > Predisposing > Enabling).

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17
Q

What are some reasons for decreased health care utilization?

A

Fewer human/material resources, better sanitation, disease prevention, new treatments.

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18
Q

What are some reasons for increased health care utilization?

A

More health facilities, population growth, new diseases, improved insurance coverage.

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19
Q

How do payer pressures influence health care utilization?

A

Cost reduction policies can limit service availability.

20
Q

How do changes in consumer preferences affect health care utilization?

A

Preferences for self-care, home births, and alternative medicine influence utilization.

21
Q

What are the three major payers for health care services?

A

Governments, employer-based insurance, and out-of-pocket payments.

22
Q

What are the different forms of health care?

A

Modern (orthodox), traditional (indigenous), complementary, alternative, integrative.

23
Q

How does modern medicine (orthodox) differ from traditional medicine?

A

Orthodox medicine is research-based and standardized, while traditional medicine varies by culture.

24
Q

Who are considered practitioners of orthodox medicine?

A

MBBS holders, physical therapists, physician assistants, psychologists, nurses.

25
Q

What are some alternative names for orthodox medicine?

A

Conventional, biomedicine, Western, mainstream, standard medical care.

26
Q

How is traditional medicine defined?

A

A system of knowledge, skills, and practices indigenous to cultures for health care.

27
Q

How is traditional medicine different from alternative medicine?

A

Traditional medicine is culture-specific, while alternative medicine is adopted by other populations.

28
Q

What is complementary medicine?

A

Used alongside standard medical treatments.

29
Q

What is alternative medicine?

A

Used instead of standard medical treatments.

30
Q

What is integrative medicine?

A

Combines standard and complementary treatments with scientific backing.

31
Q

What percentage of people in some Asian and African countries rely on traditional medicine for primary health care?

A

0.8

32
Q

What is the most popular form of traditional medicine?

A

Herbal treatments.

33
Q

What percentage of Africans have used herbal treatments for primary health care?

A

70-80%.

34
Q

What percentage of people in developed countries have used some form of complementary medicine?

A

70-80%.

35
Q

What major international event recognized the role of traditional medicine in primary health care?

A

Alma Ata Declaration (1978).

36
Q

How has the use of traditional medicine changed worldwide?

A

It has increased significantly worldwide.

37
Q

How has WHO supported the integration of traditional medicine?

A

By encouraging member states to integrate it into national health care systems.

38
Q

When was the National Investigative Committee on Traditional and Alternative Medicine established in Nigeria?

A

1984

39
Q

What year did the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Health authorize research into local herbs at the University of Ibadan?

A

1966

40
Q

What role does the University of Lagos play in herbal medicine research?

A

It has a herbal medicine research unit in the Faculty of Pharmacy.

41
Q

What was established in 1992 to develop primary health care in Nigeria?

A

National Primary Healthcare Development Agency.

42
Q

What did a 1994 policy mandate state health ministries to do regarding traditional medicine?

A

Set up traditional medicine boards.

43
Q

What is the National Traditional Medicine Development Programme?

A

A programme to regulate and promote traditional medicine.

44
Q

How does WHO facilitate the exchange of information on traditional medicine?

A

Through regional meetings and publications.

45
Q

What organization supports the rational use of traditional and complementary medicine worldwide?

A

WHO.

Community Health (34 decks)

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