Adolescent Reproductive Health - MCH

Question 1

What is the age range for adolescents according to WHO?

Answer 1

Adolescents are defined as individuals between the ages of 10 and 19 years.

Question 2

What are the three developmental characteristics of adolescence?

Answer 2

Biological development, psychological development, and increasing economic independence.

Question 3

What biological changes occur during adolescence?

Answer 3

Physical changes from puberty to full sexual and reproductive maturity.

Question 4

What psychological changes occur during adolescence?

Answer 4

Emotional changes due to hormones, increased sex drive, development of abstract thinking.

Question 5

What social changes occur during adolescence?

Answer 5

Increased independence, questioning of adult authority, and integration into social roles.

Question 6

What are some common social and emotional changes during puberty?

Answer 6

Development of sexual feelings, curiosity, mood swings, and body image concerns.

Question 7

Define adolescent sexual and reproductive health.

Answer 7

The physical and emotional well-being of adolescents, including freedom from unwanted pregnancy, STIs, and sexual violence.

Question 8

Why are adolescents considered important in public health?

Answer 8

Adolescents make up a large portion of the population and their health decisions affect future generations.

Question 9

What are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in adolescents?

Answer 9

Motor vehicle accidents, violence, suicide, STIs, pregnancy, substance abuse, and eating disorders.

Question 10

What is the leading cause of death among adolescents globally?

Answer 10

Self-harm (suicide).

Question 11

What are the major risk factors for adolescent morbidity and mortality?

Answer 11

Behaviour-related issues such as reckless driving, violence, substance abuse, and unprotected sex.

Question 12

What percentage of the global disease burden has its roots in adolescence?

Answer 12

About 35% of the global burden of disease.

Question 13

Why are adolescents vulnerable to reproductive health risks?

Answer 13

They experience rapid biological and social changes, engage in risky behaviours, and face inadequate protective mechanisms.

Question 14

What are some common reproductive health issues among adolescents?

Answer 14

Early pregnancy, STIs, sexual abuse, and lack of access to contraception.

Question 15

What percentage of births worldwide are to women aged 15-19?

Answer 15

About 11%.

Question 16

What are the adolescent reproductive health challenges in developing countries?

Answer 16

High rates of coerced sex, unplanned pregnancies, and poor knowledge about reproductive health.

Question 17

What is the median age of sexual initiation for Nigerian adolescents?

Answer 17

17.2 years for women and 21.7 years for men in Nigeria.

Question 18

What are the leading adolescent reproductive health issues according to WHO?

Answer 18

Early pregnancy and childbirth, STIs, and sexual violence.

Question 19

Why is adolescent pregnancy a public health concern?

Answer 19

It is linked to high maternal and infant mortality, school dropout, and economic hardship.

Question 20

What are the key statistics of teenage childbearing in Nigeria?

Answer 20

19% of teenage girls (15-19) in Nigeria have begun childbearing.

Question 21

What are the causes of adolescent pregnancy?

Answer 21

Poverty, lack of education, gender inequality, and child marriage.

Question 22

What are the consequences of adolescent pregnancy?

Answer 22

School dropout, stigma, violence, health complications, and economic hardship.

Question 23

What are the major causes of child marriage?

Answer 23

Poverty, cultural traditions, and gender inequality.

Question 24

Which countries have the highest rates of child marriage?

Answer 24

Niger, Chad, Bangladesh, Central African Republic, and Nigeria.

Question 25

What are the consequences of child marriage?

Answer 25

Higher maternal mortality, increased risk of violence, and reduced educational opportunities.

Question 26

How can child marriage be prevented?

Answer 26

Providing education, enforcing child marriage laws, and empowering girls.

Question 27

Define sexual violence.

Answer 27

Any forced or coerced sexual act against someone’s will.

Question 28

What percentage of girls worldwide experience sexual abuse as children?

Answer 28

About 20%.

Question 29

What factors increase the risk of sexual abuse among adolescent girls?

Answer 29

Gender inequality, lack of legal protection, and cultural acceptance of violence.

Question 30

What percentage of Nigerian girls in the Iwaya study experienced forced sex?

Answer 30

0.18

Question 31

What percentage of Nigerian girls in the Mushin study reported forced initiation of sex?

Answer 31

15.8% forced initiation, 36.3% coerced first intercourse.

Question 32

What are the reproductive health consequences of sexual violence?

Answer 32

Unwanted pregnancies, STIs, and reproductive trauma.

Question 33

What are the mental health consequences of sexual violence?

Answer 33

Depression, PTSD, substance abuse, and suicide risk.

Question 34

What percentage of new HIV infections in Sub-Saharan Africa occur in young women?

Answer 34

1 in 4 new infections.

Question 35

What are the factors that influence adolescent sexual behaviour?

Answer 35

Poverty, lack of education, peer pressure, and media influence.

Question 36

How does poverty contribute to risky adolescent sexual behaviour?

Answer 36

Increases dependence on transactional sex for survival.

Question 37

What role does media play in adolescent sexual behaviour?

Answer 37

Media influences sexual norms and risky behaviours.

Question 38

What protective factors can influence adolescent sexual behaviour?

Answer 38

Family support, education, religious beliefs, and access to healthcare.

Question 39

What are the reproductive health rights of adolescents?

Answer 39

Rights to education, autonomy, privacy, and non-discrimination in reproductive health.

Question 40

What are some interventions to promote adolescent reproductive health?

Answer 40

Contraception access, sexuality education, youth-friendly health services.

Question 41

What are the characteristics of youth-friendly health services?

Answer 41

Confidential, non-judgmental, and accessible health services.

Question 42

What are the barriers to adolescent access to contraception?

Answer 42

Stigma, lack of youth-friendly facilities, and restrictive policies.

Question 43

What strategies can improve adolescent contraceptive use?

Answer 43

Education, parental support, and community acceptance.

Question 44

How can STI prevention be improved among adolescents?

Answer 44

Early diagnosis and treatment, condom promotion, and HPV vaccination.

Question 45

What are the key themes in the Nigerian sexuality education curriculum?

Answer 45

Human development, sexual health, relationships, and social norms.

Question 46

What are the goals of comprehensive sexuality education?

Answer 46

Providing knowledge, improving decision-making skills, and promoting responsibility.

Question 47

What role do youth-friendly health centres play in reproductive health?

Answer 47

Provide judgment-free reproductive health services for youth.

Question 48

Why is medical care for adolescents important?

Answer 48

To prevent diseases, detect health issues early, and provide support.

Question 49

What special attention is required for pregnant adolescents?

Answer 49

Special nutritional and psychological care.

Question 50

How does family and community support influence adolescent reproductive health?

Answer 50

Community support improves access to healthcare and reduces stigma.

Question 51

What national policies exist for adolescent reproductive health in Nigeria?

Answer 51

Nigeria’s National Adolescent Health Policy, National Strategic Framework.

Question 52

What are the key global responses to adolescent reproductive health issues?

Answer 52

WHO, UNFPA, USAID, and local health agencies.

Question 53

What is the Global Strategy for Women's, Children's, and Adolescent Health?

Answer 53

A global strategy to reduce preventable deaths and improve adolescent health.

Question 54

What are WHO's 10 key actions for adolescent health?

Answer 54

Advocacy, data collection, policy inclusion, and universal healthcare for adolescents.

Question 55

Why is adolescent advocacy important in reproductive health?

Answer 55

Young people are effective advocates for their own health rights.

Question 56

What challenges exist in addressing adolescent reproductive health in Nigeria?

Answer 56

Poor funding, stigma, and inadequate access to youth-friendly services.

Question 57

How does gender inequality contribute to adolescent reproductive health issues?

Answer 57

Increases vulnerability to early marriage, violence, and lack of education.

Question 58

What are the main international organisations supporting adolescent reproductive health?

Answer 58

WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, USAID, and NGOs.

Question 59

How does social marketing contribute to adolescent reproductive health?

Answer 59

Promotes awareness and acceptance of reproductive health services.

Question 60

What are some emerging priorities in adolescent reproductive health globally?

Answer 60

Addressing digital influences, mental health, and emerging infections.