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Community Health > Adolescent Reproductive Health - MCH > Flashcards

Adolescent Reproductive Health - MCH Flashcards

1
Q

What is the age range for adolescents according to WHO?

A

Adolescents are defined as individuals between the ages of 10 and 19 years.

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2
Q

What are the three developmental characteristics of adolescence?

A

Biological development, psychological development, and increasing economic independence.

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3
Q

What biological changes occur during adolescence?

A

Physical changes from puberty to full sexual and reproductive maturity.

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4
Q

What psychological changes occur during adolescence?

A

Emotional changes due to hormones, increased sex drive, development of abstract thinking.

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5
Q

What social changes occur during adolescence?

A

Increased independence, questioning of adult authority, and integration into social roles.

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6
Q

What are some common social and emotional changes during puberty?

A

Development of sexual feelings, curiosity, mood swings, and body image concerns.

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7
Q

Define adolescent sexual and reproductive health.

A

The physical and emotional well-being of adolescents, including freedom from unwanted pregnancy, STIs, and sexual violence.

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8
Q

Why are adolescents considered important in public health?

A

Adolescents make up a large portion of the population and their health decisions affect future generations.

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9
Q

What are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in adolescents?

A

Motor vehicle accidents, violence, suicide, STIs, pregnancy, substance abuse, and eating disorders.

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10
Q

What is the leading cause of death among adolescents globally?

A

Self-harm (suicide).

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11
Q

What are the major risk factors for adolescent morbidity and mortality?

A

Behaviour-related issues such as reckless driving, violence, substance abuse, and unprotected sex.

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12
Q

What percentage of the global disease burden has its roots in adolescence?

A

About 35% of the global burden of disease.

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13
Q

Why are adolescents vulnerable to reproductive health risks?

A

They experience rapid biological and social changes, engage in risky behaviours, and face inadequate protective mechanisms.

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14
Q

What are some common reproductive health issues among adolescents?

A

Early pregnancy, STIs, sexual abuse, and lack of access to contraception.

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15
Q

What percentage of births worldwide are to women aged 15-19?

A

About 11%.

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16
Q

What are the adolescent reproductive health challenges in developing countries?

A

High rates of coerced sex, unplanned pregnancies, and poor knowledge about reproductive health.

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17
Q

What is the median age of sexual initiation for Nigerian adolescents?

A

17.2 years for women and 21.7 years for men in Nigeria.

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18
Q

What are the leading adolescent reproductive health issues according to WHO?

A

Early pregnancy and childbirth, STIs, and sexual violence.

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19
Q

Why is adolescent pregnancy a public health concern?

A

It is linked to high maternal and infant mortality, school dropout, and economic hardship.

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20
Q

What are the key statistics of teenage childbearing in Nigeria?

A

19% of teenage girls (15-19) in Nigeria have begun childbearing.

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21
Q

What are the causes of adolescent pregnancy?

A

Poverty, lack of education, gender inequality, and child marriage.

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22
Q

What are the consequences of adolescent pregnancy?

A

School dropout, stigma, violence, health complications, and economic hardship.

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23
Q

What are the major causes of child marriage?

A

Poverty, cultural traditions, and gender inequality.

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24
Q

Which countries have the highest rates of child marriage?

A

Niger, Chad, Bangladesh, Central African Republic, and Nigeria.

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25
Q

What are the consequences of child marriage?

A

Higher maternal mortality, increased risk of violence, and reduced educational opportunities.

26
Q

How can child marriage be prevented?

A

Providing education, enforcing child marriage laws, and empowering girls.

27
Q

Define sexual violence.

A

Any forced or coerced sexual act against someone’s will.

28
Q

What percentage of girls worldwide experience sexual abuse as children?

A

About 20%.

29
Q

What factors increase the risk of sexual abuse among adolescent girls?

A

Gender inequality, lack of legal protection, and cultural acceptance of violence.

30
Q

What percentage of Nigerian girls in the Iwaya study experienced forced sex?

A

0.18

31
Q

What percentage of Nigerian girls in the Mushin study reported forced initiation of sex?

A

15.8% forced initiation, 36.3% coerced first intercourse.

32
Q

What are the reproductive health consequences of sexual violence?

A

Unwanted pregnancies, STIs, and reproductive trauma.

33
Q

What are the mental health consequences of sexual violence?

A

Depression, PTSD, substance abuse, and suicide risk.

34
Q

What percentage of new HIV infections in Sub-Saharan Africa occur in young women?

A

1 in 4 new infections.

35
Q

What are the factors that influence adolescent sexual behaviour?

A

Poverty, lack of education, peer pressure, and media influence.

36
Q

How does poverty contribute to risky adolescent sexual behaviour?

A

Increases dependence on transactional sex for survival.

37
Q

What role does media play in adolescent sexual behaviour?

A

Media influences sexual norms and risky behaviours.

38
Q

What protective factors can influence adolescent sexual behaviour?

A

Family support, education, religious beliefs, and access to healthcare.

39
Q

What are the reproductive health rights of adolescents?

A

Rights to education, autonomy, privacy, and non-discrimination in reproductive health.

40
Q

What are some interventions to promote adolescent reproductive health?

A

Contraception access, sexuality education, youth-friendly health services.

41
Q

What are the characteristics of youth-friendly health services?

A

Confidential, non-judgmental, and accessible health services.

42
Q

What are the barriers to adolescent access to contraception?

A

Stigma, lack of youth-friendly facilities, and restrictive policies.

43
Q

What strategies can improve adolescent contraceptive use?

A

Education, parental support, and community acceptance.

44
Q

How can STI prevention be improved among adolescents?

A

Early diagnosis and treatment, condom promotion, and HPV vaccination.

45
Q

What are the key themes in the Nigerian sexuality education curriculum?

A

Human development, sexual health, relationships, and social norms.

46
Q

What are the goals of comprehensive sexuality education?

A

Providing knowledge, improving decision-making skills, and promoting responsibility.

47
Q

What role do youth-friendly health centres play in reproductive health?

A

Provide judgment-free reproductive health services for youth.

48
Q

Why is medical care for adolescents important?

A

To prevent diseases, detect health issues early, and provide support.

49
Q

What special attention is required for pregnant adolescents?

A

Special nutritional and psychological care.

50
Q

How does family and community support influence adolescent reproductive health?

A

Community support improves access to healthcare and reduces stigma.

51
Q

What national policies exist for adolescent reproductive health in Nigeria?

A

Nigeria’s National Adolescent Health Policy, National Strategic Framework.

52
Q

What are the key global responses to adolescent reproductive health issues?

A

WHO, UNFPA, USAID, and local health agencies.

53
Q

What is the Global Strategy for Women’s, Children’s, and Adolescent Health?

A

A global strategy to reduce preventable deaths and improve adolescent health.

54
Q

What are WHO’s 10 key actions for adolescent health?

A

Advocacy, data collection, policy inclusion, and universal healthcare for adolescents.

55
Q

Why is adolescent advocacy important in reproductive health?

A

Young people are effective advocates for their own health rights.

56
Q

What challenges exist in addressing adolescent reproductive health in Nigeria?

A

Poor funding, stigma, and inadequate access to youth-friendly services.

57
Q

How does gender inequality contribute to adolescent reproductive health issues?

A

Increases vulnerability to early marriage, violence, and lack of education.

58
Q

What are the main international organisations supporting adolescent reproductive health?

A

WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, USAID, and NGOs.

59
Q

How does social marketing contribute to adolescent reproductive health?

A

Promotes awareness and acceptance of reproductive health services.

60
Q

What are some emerging priorities in adolescent reproductive health globally?

A

Addressing digital influences, mental health, and emerging infections.

Community Health (41 decks)

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