Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Community Health > Eye Problems and Preventive Measures - PPPHC > Flashcards

Eye Problems and Preventive Measures - PPPHC Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main anatomical structures of the eye?

A

Eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, lens, vitreous, retina.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name four common eyelid disorders.

A

Stye, chalazion, blepharitis, ptosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are three common conjunctival disorders?

A

Conjunctivitis, pterygium, pingueculum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List four common corneal disorders.

A

Keratitis, corneal ulcer, corneal abrasion, corneal opacity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the common lens disorders?

A

Cataract, lens subluxation/dislocation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

A chronic optic neuropathy causing progressive vision loss.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)?

A

Increased IOP, age, family history, myopia, vascular dysregulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does glaucoma typically present clinically?

A

Asymptomatic early, gradual mid-peripheral vision loss, optic disc cupping.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the main methods for diagnosing glaucoma?

A

Visual acuity test, tonometry, visual field test, fundus photography, gonioscopy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the treatment options for glaucoma?

A

Medical (eye drops), laser, surgery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is diabetic retinopathy (DR)?

A

A microangiopathy caused by diabetes leading to retinal damage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the major risk factors for diabetic retinopathy?

A

Poor glucose control, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, smoking, pregnancy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two main types of diabetic retinopathy?

A

Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List four features of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).

A

Microaneurysms, haemorrhages, hard exudates, cotton wool spots.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List three features of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

A

Neovascularization, vitreous haemorrhage, tractional retinal detachment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the risk factors for retinal detachment?

A

Age (40–60), myopia, trauma, cataract surgery, posterior vitreous detachment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of retinal detachment?

A

Floaters, flashes, painless vision loss (curtain effect).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is retinal detachment managed?

A

Early identification and urgent referral for surgery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why is early recognition of eye diseases important?

A

Prevents irreversible blindness.

20
Q

Which patients should be screened for glaucoma?

A

Age ≥40, African descent, family history of glaucoma, monocular patients.

21
Q

What are the key preventive measures for diabetic retinopathy?

A

Blood sugar control, hypertension management, regular retinal exams.

22
Q

How can public awareness help prevent eye diseases?

A

Education on eye hygiene, UV protection, routine eye exams.

23
Q

What is the most common cause of preventable blindness worldwide?

A

Cataract.

24
Q

What is the role of tonometry in glaucoma diagnosis?

A

Measures intraocular pressure to assess glaucoma risk.

25
Q

How does myopia increase the risk of retinal detachment?

A

Increases risk due to retinal thinning and degeneration.

26
Q

What is the significance of intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma?

A

High IOP is a major risk factor for optic nerve damage.

27
Q

How does neovascularization contribute to diabetic retinopathy complications?

A

Causes fragile new blood vessels that can rupture and bleed.

28
Q

What are common methods of lowering intraocular pressure?

A

Eye drops, laser therapy, surgery.

29
Q

What are cotton wool spots, and in which condition are they seen?

A

Retinal infarcts seen in diabetic retinopathy and hypertension.

30
Q

What is optic disc cupping, and why is it important in glaucoma?

A

Optic nerve damage causing depression of the optic disc.

31
Q

How does hypertension affect diabetic retinopathy progression?

A

Worsens retinal vessel damage, increasing DR progression.

32
Q

What role does UV protection play in eye health?

A

Protects against UV-induced cataracts and pterygium.

33
Q

What is the recommended screening interval for diabetic retinopathy?

A

Annual retinal screening for diabetic patients.

34
Q

What is tractional retinal detachment?

A

Retinal detachment due to fibrotic scar contraction.

35
Q

What is the primary goal of glaucoma treatment?

A

Prevent further optic nerve damage and vision loss.

36
Q

Why are African descent individuals at higher risk for glaucoma?

A

They have a higher genetic predisposition.

37
Q

What is the earliest sign of diabetic retinopathy?

A

Microaneurysms.

38
Q

How does fundus photography aid in eye disease diagnosis?

A

Captures retinal images for disease monitoring.

39
Q

Why is vision loss from glaucoma irreversible?

A

Optic nerve damage is irreversible.

40
Q

What is the difference between NPDR and PDR in diabetic retinopathy?

A

NPDR has microaneurysms and haemorrhages; PDR has neovascularization.

41
Q

What lifestyle modifications can help prevent diabetic retinopathy?

A

Healthy diet, exercise, blood pressure control, no smoking.

42
Q

What are the common causes of vitreous haemorrhage?

A

Retinal neovascularization, trauma, diabetes.

43
Q

How does ageing affect posterior vitreous detachment?

A

Increases with age, common in diabetics.

44
Q

What is the function of gonioscopy in glaucoma evaluation?

A

Assesses the drainage angle in glaucoma evaluation.

45
Q

How can community-based care improve eye health outcomes?

A

Enables early detection, treatment, and public education.

Community Health (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions