Andropause and Menopause - MCH Flashcards
What is another name for andropause?
Male climacteric, late-onset hypogonadism, A.D.A.M (Androgen Decline in Aging Male)
At what age does testosterone begin to significantly decline in men?
From about age 55 years
Which cells produce testosterone in males?
Leydig cells
What is the definitive diagnostic test for andropause?
Blood test for serum testosterone levels
Name two conditions linked to hormonal imbalance due to low testosterone.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and stroke
List two causes of low testosterone apart from age.
Head injury, testicular injury, vasectomy, medication (e.g. antidepressants)
What screening tool is used for detecting andropause symptoms?
A.D.A.M Questionnaire
Mention two direct symptoms of andropause.
Depression, irritability, loss of energy
What prostate condition commonly occurs during andropause?
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
What is the clinical marker used for prostate cancer?
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
What is secondary hypogonadism?
Pituitary gland fails to produce enough LH to stimulate testosterone production in the testes
What lifestyle modifications are recommended with testosterone replacement therapy?
Avoid smoking, limit alcohol and caffeine, maintain healthy weight
List two benefits of testosterone replacement therapy.
Increased muscle strength, reduced risk of osteoporosis
Define menopause.
Permanent end of menstruation, marking the start of a new phase of life
What is the average age of onset for natural menopause?
51 years (on average)
Name two causes of artificial menopause.
Ovarian removal, chemotherapy, pelvic radiation therapy
Mention two common symptoms of menopause.
Hot flushes, mood changes, vaginal dryness
What are the risks associated with Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)?
Increased risk of breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, blood clots
What symptom in menopause may indicate insulin resistance?
Midday crash (extreme fatigue halfway through the day)
What bone condition is common in menopause due to low hormone levels?
Osteoporosis
