Family Planning MCH Flashcards
What are the age thresholds that classify pregnancies as “high-risk”?
<18 years and >35 years.
What are the consequences of high-risk pregnancies occurring too close together?
Increased maternal and child health risks.
What percentage of maternal deaths in Africa result from unsafe abortions?
0.13
Define family planning according to WHO.
A way of thinking and living adopted voluntarily to promote family health and welfare.
What decisions does family planning enable for individuals and couples?
When to start and stop childbearing, spacing pregnancies, and matching family size to resources.
What are the benefits of birth spacing for children?
Prevents low birth weight and reduces malnutrition.
Name one congenital defect associated with children born to elderly women.
Down’s syndrome.
How does family planning benefit the health of women?
Prevents high-risk pregnancies and enables completing education.
Name two cancers that oral contraceptive pills protect against.
Ovarian and endometrial cancers.
What are the societal benefits of family planning?
Reduces population growth and improves quality of life.
List two consequences of high fertility rates on public utilities.
Pressure on water and education systems.
What are three natural family planning methods?
Calendar, basal body temperature, and cervical mucus methods.
What is the effectiveness rate of lactational amenorrhoea method (LAM) with perfect use in the first six months postpartum?
0.5%.
Name one disadvantage of coitus interruptus.
No protection against STIs.
How do intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) prevent pregnancy?
Preventing implantation.
What is the failure rate of IUCDs?
94–99%.
Name one absolute contraindication for IUCD use.
Pregnancy.
Name one type of injectable contraceptive.
Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo Provera).
What is the typical failure rate of injectable contraceptives?
0.03
What is one contraindication for injectable contraceptives?
Abnormal uterine bleeding.
Name one type of contraceptive implant.
Implanon.
What is the failure rate of contraceptive implants?
0.05%.
What are combined oral contraceptives composed of?
Estrogens and progesterones.
Name one advantage of combined oral contraceptives.
Regularises periods.
What is one contraindication for combined oral contraceptives?
Raised blood pressure.
What is the failure rate of progestin-only pills (mini-pills)?
0.08
What is the active agent in spermicides?
Nonoxynol-9.
Name one contraindication for spermicides.
Allergy to preparation.
How does a diaphragm work as a barrier method?
Acts as a mechanical barrier to sperm migration.
Name one disadvantage of the diaphragm.
Requires medical fitting.
What is the failure rate of male condoms?
0.15
What is the failure rate of female condoms?
0.21
Name one advantage of condoms.
Protects against STIs.
What is one disadvantage of condoms?
Decreases sexual enjoyment.
What is the failure rate of surgical contraception?
<1%.
What are two types of surgical contraception?
Tubal ligation and vasectomy.
Name one advantage of surgical contraception.
Permanent contraception.
What is one disadvantage of surgical contraception?
Minor surgery required.
What is emergency contraception?
Prevents pregnancy after intercourse.
Name one type of emergency contraception.
Copper IUCD.
Within what timeframe should emergency contraception be commenced?
Within 72 hours of unprotected sex.
What is one disadvantage of emergency contraception?
Nausea or vomiting.
Name one relative contraindication for IUCDs.
History of pelvic inflammatory disease.
What is the minimum age threshold below which pregnancies are considered “high-risk”?
Below 18 years.
How does exclusive breastfeeding delay fertility postpartum?
Suppresses ovulation.
What is the main function of spermicides?
Immobilises sperm.
What type of contraceptive method requires the use of basal body temperature or cycle beads?
Fertility awareness-based methods.
How do contraceptive implants inhibit pregnancy?
Thicken cervical mucus and inhibit ovulation.
Why are condoms considered effective against sexually transmitted infections?
Acts as a physical barrier.
What is the main mechanism of action for emergency contraception with Copper IUCDs?
Prevents implantation.
