LifeStyle Medicine I - FM Flashcards
What is lifestyle medicine?
The application of environmental, behavioural, and motivational principles to manage lifestyle-related health problems in a clinical setting.
What are the key interventions in lifestyle medicine?
Nutrition, exercise, stress management, smoking cessation, sleep management, and hygiene.
Name three chronic diseases managed using lifestyle medicine.
Type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and hypertension.
How does lifestyle medicine address medication use?
Requires re-titration or reduction of medications, augmented with medications like bupropion for smoking cessation.
According to the CDC, what percentage of health outcomes is influenced by lifestyle choices?
0.53
Define chronic disease according to Kurlander.
A condition that is permanent, causes residual disability, is caused by irreversible pathology, or requires special training or long-term care.
List three examples of therapeutic lifestyle interventions.
Nutrition, physical activity, and stress management.
What constitutes a healthy diet?
Includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, and low-fat dairy, while limiting saturated fats and added sugars.
How does WHO recommend managing energy intake and fats?
Limit energy intake from fats, increase fruits and vegetables, and ensure salt is iodised.
Name the six basic food groups.
Grains, fruits, vegetables, meats and beans, dairy, and fats/oils.
Differentiate between whole grains and refined grains.
Whole grains retain the entire kernel; refined grains have bran and germ removed.
List three examples of fruits in a healthy diet.
Apples, bananas, and oranges.
Name three vegetables recommended for healthy eating.
Broccoli, spinach, and tomatoes.
What are the recommendations for lean meat consumption?
Lean cuts of beef, poultry, and fish.
Which dairy products are part of a healthy diet?
Low-fat milk, yogurt, and hard cheeses.
What are oils, and where do they come from?
Fats liquid at room temperature, derived from plants or fish.
What is the DASH diet?
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.
How does the DASH diet help with hypertension?
By being low in salt and fats, and high in nutrients like potassium and calcium.
Define obesity.
Excess body fat linked to health issues.
What is BMI, and how is it classified?
Underweight: <18.5; Normal: 18.5–24.9; Overweight: 25–29.9; Obesity: ≥30.
What are the health risks associated with obesity?
Hypertension, diabetes, and certain cancers.
Name two surgical complications of obesity.
Delayed wound healing and difficult intravenous access.
List two gynaecological problems linked to obesity.
Infertility and gestational diabetes.
What psychological effects are associated with obesity?
Anxiety, depression, and embarrassment.
