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Community Health > LifeStyle Medicine I - FM > Flashcards

LifeStyle Medicine I - FM Flashcards

1
Q

What is lifestyle medicine?

A

The application of environmental, behavioural, and motivational principles to manage lifestyle-related health problems in a clinical setting.

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2
Q

What are the key interventions in lifestyle medicine?

A

Nutrition, exercise, stress management, smoking cessation, sleep management, and hygiene.

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3
Q

Name three chronic diseases managed using lifestyle medicine.

A

Type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and hypertension.

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4
Q

How does lifestyle medicine address medication use?

A

Requires re-titration or reduction of medications, augmented with medications like bupropion for smoking cessation.

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5
Q

According to the CDC, what percentage of health outcomes is influenced by lifestyle choices?

A

0.53

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6
Q

Define chronic disease according to Kurlander.

A

A condition that is permanent, causes residual disability, is caused by irreversible pathology, or requires special training or long-term care.

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7
Q

List three examples of therapeutic lifestyle interventions.

A

Nutrition, physical activity, and stress management.

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8
Q

What constitutes a healthy diet?

A

Includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, and low-fat dairy, while limiting saturated fats and added sugars.

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9
Q

How does WHO recommend managing energy intake and fats?

A

Limit energy intake from fats, increase fruits and vegetables, and ensure salt is iodised.

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10
Q

Name the six basic food groups.

A

Grains, fruits, vegetables, meats and beans, dairy, and fats/oils.

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11
Q

Differentiate between whole grains and refined grains.

A

Whole grains retain the entire kernel; refined grains have bran and germ removed.

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12
Q

List three examples of fruits in a healthy diet.

A

Apples, bananas, and oranges.

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13
Q

Name three vegetables recommended for healthy eating.

A

Broccoli, spinach, and tomatoes.

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14
Q

What are the recommendations for lean meat consumption?

A

Lean cuts of beef, poultry, and fish.

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15
Q

Which dairy products are part of a healthy diet?

A

Low-fat milk, yogurt, and hard cheeses.

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16
Q

What are oils, and where do they come from?

A

Fats liquid at room temperature, derived from plants or fish.

17
Q

What is the DASH diet?

A

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.

18
Q

How does the DASH diet help with hypertension?

A

By being low in salt and fats, and high in nutrients like potassium and calcium.

19
Q

Define obesity.

A

Excess body fat linked to health issues.

20
Q

What is BMI, and how is it classified?

A

Underweight: <18.5; Normal: 18.5–24.9; Overweight: 25–29.9; Obesity: ≥30.

21
Q

What are the health risks associated with obesity?

A

Hypertension, diabetes, and certain cancers.

22
Q

Name two surgical complications of obesity.

A

Delayed wound healing and difficult intravenous access.

23
Q

List two gynaecological problems linked to obesity.

A

Infertility and gestational diabetes.

24
Q

What psychological effects are associated with obesity?

A

Anxiety, depression, and embarrassment.

25
Q

Define underweight and its associated diseases.

A

Protein-energy malnutrition in children and the elderly.

26
Q

What is the Welcome Classification of PEM?

A

A classification system for protein-energy malnutrition.

27
Q

How is weight assessed anthropometrically?

A

Mid-arm circumference and skinfold thickness.

28
Q

What is the recommended duration for weekly exercise?

A

At least 30 minutes, 3–4 days a week.

29
Q

Name two components of lifestyle modification under HEDWAS.

A

Health education and weight control.

30
Q

What is the Fagerström scale used for?

A

To measure nicotine dependence.

31
Q

How does smoking cessation benefit from medication like bupropion?

A

Increases success rates for cessation 2–3 times.

32
Q

List the four major lifestyle changes impacting health.

A

Patterns of consumption, family, work, and community changes.

33
Q

What are the WHO recommendations for healthy eating?

A

Achieve energy balance, reduce fats, and increase whole grains.

34
Q

How is weight control linked to energy balance?

A

Balancing calorie intake and physical activity.

35
Q

What does the acronym DASH stand for?

A

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.

Community Health (33 decks)

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