Nutrition Throughout the Life Cycle - MCH Flashcards
What are the three main learning objectives of “Nutrition Throughout the Life Cycle”?
To identify nutritional needs at each life stage, understand malnutrition effects, and describe the malnutrition life cycle.
Why is good nutrition important throughout the life cycle?
Good nutrition supports growth, reproduction, and health maintenance; challenges persist, especially for women.
What is the “malnutrition life cycle”?
A cycle where poor nutrition is perpetuated across generations, starting in utero.
Name the different stages of life discussed in nutritional needs.
Prenatal, infant, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age.
How does prenatal nutrition affect foetal health?
Foetal health depends on maternal health; malnourished mothers often give birth to malnourished infants.
What are the effects of prenatal malnutrition?
Foetal growth retardation, intrauterine death, stillbirth, poor cognitive development, and increased disease risk.
Why is exclusive breastfeeding important for infants?
It provides all nutrients needed for growth and prevents malnutrition.
What is the RDA of protein during lactation in the first six months?
65g/day.
Which vitamin has a higher value set for pregnancy than lactation, and why?
Folate, for cell division and neural tube development.
What are the effects of malnutrition on infants?
Poor brain development, protein-energy malnutrition, and increased risk of chronic diseases.
How can responsive feeding prevent childhood malnutrition?
By ensuring children receive adequate protein, energy, and micronutrient-rich foods.
What are the main effects of malnutrition during childhood?
Kwashiorkor, marasmus, micronutrient deficiencies, poor school performance, and cognitive impairment.
Why is adolescence a critical stage for nutrition?
It is the second period of rapid growth, with increased metabolic rates and physical activity.
What are the RDA requirements for calcium during adolescence?
1,300 mg/day.
Why do adolescent girls need more iron?
Due to blood loss during menstruation and rapid growth.
What are common disordered eating habits among adolescents?
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, often linked to poor body image.
What nutrients are at risk of inadequate intake in adulthood and old age?
Protein, folate, vitamins B6, B12, D, zinc, calcium, and water.
How does malnutrition affect adults and the elderly?
Low energy, productivity, obesity, and higher risk of non-communicable diseases.
What percentage of longevity is influenced by lifestyle factors?
0.51
What are the short- and long-term benefits of investing in nutrition across the life cycle?
Reduced morbidity, increased productivity, better education outcomes, and lower healthcare costs.
