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Community Health > Lassa Fever - FM > Flashcards

Lassa Fever - FM Flashcards

1
Q

Define an alert case of Lassa fever.

A

Unexplained fever with or without bleeding, ruling out malaria and other causes.

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2
Q

List the symptoms of a suspected Lassa fever case.

A

Fever, headache, sore throat, cough, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, myalgia, retrosternal pain.

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3
Q

What constitutes a probable Lassa fever case?

A

Suspected case dying without laboratory confirmation.

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4
Q

How is a confirmed Lassa fever case identified?

A

Laboratory confirmation with positive IgM, PCR, or virus isolation.

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5
Q

What is the outbreak threshold for Lassa fever?

A

A single confirmed case.

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6
Q

What are the common risk factors for contracting Lassa fever?

A

Contact with rodent excreta/urine or a confirmed case, endemic travel history.

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7
Q

Describe the incubation period of Lassa fever.

A

6–21 days.

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8
Q

What are the major clinical features of Lassa fever?

A

Fever, haemorrhage, jaundice, spontaneous abortion, hypotension.

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9
Q

What are minor clinical features of Lassa fever?

A

Malaise, headache, retrosternal pain, muscle/joint pain, cough, sore throat.

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10
Q

What laboratory findings are indicative of Lassa fever?

A

Elevated AST, proteinuria, leucopoenia (<4000 IU/L).

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11
Q

What is the role of the LGA DSNO in Lassa fever management?

A

Reporting suspected cases immediately.

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12
Q

How should suspected Lassa fever cases be managed?

A

Isolation, PPE use, and symptomatic care.

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13
Q

What personal protective equipment (PPE) is recommended for Lassa fever?

A

Gloves, fluid-repellent gowns, face shields, respirators.

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14
Q

Describe the treatment protocol for Lassa fever.

A

Ribavirin for 10 days; supportive care.

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15
Q

What supportive therapies are recommended for Lassa fever cases?

A

Oxygenation, BP monitoring, infection management.

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16
Q

List precautions when treating Lassa fever patients.

A

Avoid IM injections; use soft cleaning methods.

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17
Q

What are poor prognostic indicators for Lassa fever?

A

Late treatment, severe symptoms, AST >150 IU/mL.

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18
Q

What defines a contact in Lassa fever surveillance?

A

Exposure to infected persons or fluids within 21 days.

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19
Q

How are contacts categorised in Lassa fever management?

A

Category 1: No risk; Category 2: Low risk; Category 3: High risk.

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20
Q

What constitutes a Category 1 (No-risk) contact?

A

Casual contact without exposure to body fluids.

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21
Q

Define a Category 2 (Low-risk) contact.

A

Protected exposure to fluids or specimens.

22
Q

What is a Category 3 (High-risk) contact?

A

Unprotected exposure to infectious materials.

23
Q

When should post-exposure prophylaxis be given for Lassa fever?

A

For Category 3 contacts with confirmed exposure.

24
Q

What is the discharge criterion for a patient with Lassa fever?

A

Negative PCR and clinical recovery.

25
Q

How should contaminated clothing be handled in Lassa fever management?

A

Disinfect with 0.5% chlorine, wash, rinse, air-dry.

26
Q

Outline the steps for disinfection in the isolation ward.

A

Disinfect patient belongings, burn sheets, clean surfaces.

27
Q

Describe how to prepare a dead body safely in Lassa fever cases.

A

Disinfect, use PPE, seal in body bags, and limit contact.

28
Q

Why is family engagement important in safe burial practices?

A

Ensures compliance and understanding of safe practices.

29
Q

What measures should be taken when transporting a dead body?

A

Wear PPE, carry bleach spray, avoid direct contact.

30
Q

How should the burial site be prepared for Lassa fever victims?

A

2 metres deep; restrict to family-only ceremonies.

31
Q

What is the preferred drug for Lassa fever treatment?

A

Ribavirin.

32
Q

Why is early treatment with Ribavirin crucial in Lassa fever?

A

Best outcomes within 6 days of symptom onset.

33
Q

What is the role of fluid and electrolyte balance in Lassa fever management?

A

Prevents complications like shock and kidney failure.

34
Q

Why are NSAIDs contraindicated in Lassa fever?

A

Increased bleeding risk.

35
Q

What are the precautions for handling waste in Lassa fever cases?

A

Use needle-free systems, proper disposal.

36
Q

List the aerosol-generating procedures to avoid with Lassa fever patients.

A

Intubation, bronchoscopy, positive pressure ventilation.

37
Q

How should healthcare workers be protected during Lassa fever outbreaks?

A

Restrict staff, use droplet precautions.

38
Q

What is the significance of elevated SGOT/AST in Lassa fever?

A

Indicates liver involvement, poor prognosis.

39
Q

How are suspected Lassa fever cases notified?

A

Use IDSR 001A form to notify.

40
Q

What is the significance of hearing loss in Lassa fever diagnosis?

A

Suggestive of Lassa fever during assessment.

41
Q

What is the first-line therapy for respiratory distress in Lassa fever patients?

A

Oxygen supplementation.

42
Q

Why is double gloving recommended in Lassa fever management?

A

Prevents hand contamination.

43
Q

What is the significance of a high index of suspicion in Lassa fever diagnosis?

A

Helps identify atypical presentations early.

44
Q

What is the duration of Ribavirin treatment for Lassa fever?

A

10 days.

45
Q

What is the recommended dose of Ribavirin on days 1-4 of treatment?

A

16 mg/kg every 6 hours.

46
Q

How should patients with uncontrolled vomiting be managed?

A

Maintain hydration, administer antiemetics.

47
Q

What steps should be taken for patients experiencing seizures due to Lassa fever?

A

Administer diazepam and oxygen.

48
Q

Why is it important not to remove old blood clots from previous bleeding sites?

A

Increases bleeding risk.

49
Q

How is the interior of a vehicle disinfected after transporting a dead body?

A

Use 0.5% bleach, leave for 10 minutes, rinse.

50
Q

What communication strategies are vital for community engagement in Lassa fever prevention?

A

Transparent information and culturally sensitive practices.

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