National Immunisation Programme - MCH Flashcards
What percentage of child deaths in Nigeria are due to vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs)?
Approximately 22% (over 200,000 child deaths per year).
Define immunisation.
A process that protects the body against an infectious disease, often through vaccination.
What is herd immunity?
The resistance of a group to a disease due to a large proportion being immune.
Name any five vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs).
Measles, Poliomyelitis, Tuberculosis, Diphtheria, Hepatitis B.
What is the main goal of the National Immunisation Policy?
To reduce childhood morbidity and mortality through immunisation coverage.
When was the Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) initiated?
1979
What year was the National Programme on Immunisation (NPI) established as a parastatal?
1997 (via decree 12).
Which agency is now responsible for the NPI following the 2007 health sector reform?
National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA).
What are the vaccines included in the EPI schedule in Nigeria?
BCG, OPV, HepB, Pentavalent, Measles, Yellow Fever, IPV, and Vitamin A.
What are pentavalent vaccines designed to protect against?
Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis B, and Hib.
What does the acronym OPV stand for?
Oral Polio Vaccine.
When are BCG and OPV0 given according to the Nigerian immunisation schedule?
At birth (within 2 weeks): BCG, OPV0, HepB0.
What is the schedule for OPV and Pentavalent vaccines?
6 weeks: OPV1, Pentavalent1; 10 weeks: OPV2, Pentavalent2; 14 weeks: OPV3, Pentavalent3, IPV.
What vaccines are administered at 9 months of age in Nigeria?
Measles and Yellow Fever vaccines.
List two supplemental or catch-up vaccines.
Oral Polio Vaccine, Tetanus Toxoid.
What vaccine is given for outbreak control of cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM)?
CSM Vaccine.
What is the purpose of the immunisation card?
To track and update a child’s vaccination history.
What is an Adverse Event Following Immunisation (AEFI)?
A medical incident post-immunisation believed to be caused by the vaccine.
List three minor adverse reactions after immunisation.
Redness at injection site, fever <38°C, irritability.
List three severe or rare adverse effects post-immunisation.
Anaphylactic shock, encephalopathy, convulsion.
Name three contraindications to immunisation.
Acute illness with fever, immunodeficiency, allergy to vaccine components.
Name three false contraindications to immunisation.
Minor URTIs, malnutrition, antibiotic use.
What is the cold chain system?
A system preserving vaccines in potent state from manufacturer to immunisation point.
What are the key elements of the cold chain?
Personnel, Equipment, and Procedures.
