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Process Improvement - Research > Process SAFETY training 2 > Flashcards

Process SAFETY training 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hoe lyk die generiese hazard event?

A

Initiating cause
Hazardous event
Consequences

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2
Q

Waarvoor staan ERPG?
In terme van die toxic dose, enigiets bo watter waarde is n probleem?

A

Emergency response planning guidelines
3

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3
Q

Types of fires

A

Pool
Jet
Flash
Fireball
Dust
Pyrophoric

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4
Q

BLEVE

A

Boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion

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5
Q

VCE

A

Vapour cloud explosion

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6
Q

Behalwe phosphor, wat brand ook in lug?

A

FeS2

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7
Q

As hulle modelling doen vir thermal radiation, wat is die threshold

A

9.5kW/m2

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8
Q

Twee tipes explosions?

A

Deflagration - stadiger as die spoed van klank - black powder
Detonation - vinniger - nitroglycerine

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9
Q

Dust explosion se twee addisionele vereistes

A

Dispersion en confinement

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10
Q

Tanks moet altyd volgenaak word?

A

Van onder af. Risiko is static

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11
Q

Dangerous level of over pressure for humans

A

140mbar

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12
Q

Die twee grense waarbinne iets sal begin brand, of ontplof

A

LEL (lower explosion limit)
UEL (upper explosion limit)

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13
Q

Flashpoint

A

Basies maar waar n liquid begin dampe vorm, en waar daar dan n situasie ontstaan waar dit kan ontplof

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14
Q

AIT

A

Auto ignition temperature

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15
Q

MIE

A

Minimum ignition energy
Stoichiometries, lokale minimum vir spark energie, soos jy na die limits beweeg het jy meer energie nodig

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16
Q

Hazardous zoning

A

0 - gevaarlikste, heeltyd n kans vir ontploffing
1 - explosive atmosphere likely to occur
2 - unlikely, maar kan gebeur

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17
Q

Posisionering van kompressors

A

So ver as moontlik weg van n atmosfeer waar ons n explosive limit mag betree. Kompressor suig die lug in…

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18
Q

Wanneer raak iets n static accumulator?

A

Co ductivity less than 50pS/m

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19
Q

Hoe werk die equipment grading vir die verskillende zoning

A

Zone +1
Dws vir n zoning van 0, het jy toerusting nodig van kategorie 1. Vir dust, sit ons net n 2 by So n zone 1, is n dust zone 21

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20
Q

Mense kan nie n suurstof persentasie hanteer laer as?

A

10%

21
Q

Hoe lyk die stappe om te commission van concept af en wanneer kan ons die grootste impak he op safety?

A

Process definition
Peocess design
Detailed design
Fabrication and construction
Commission
GROOTSTE impak aan die begin

22
Q

ESSA

A

Emergency systems survivability assessment

23
Q

Belangrik- 4 beginsels van inherent safety

A

Minimise
Substitute
Moderate
Simplify

24
Q

SIS

A

Safety instrumented systems
Basies maar jou trip systems

25
Q

Die standaard vir SIS

A

IEC 61511

26
Q

SIL

A

Safety integrity level
Relative level of risk reduction provided by a SIS

27
Q

SIL se basiese insette

A

Fd - frequency of initaiting event
Independent protective systems with their probability of failure
Criteria - wat die tolerable frequency is

28
Q

Voordele van LOPA analysis

A

Highlights the required system integrity at an early stage of the project

Provides a clearly structured justification for the chose integrity level

29
Q

LOPA disadvantages

A

Subjective
Does not consider common cause failures

30
Q

SIL2, wat beteken dit?

A

Range is 10^(-2) tot -3 - probability of failure

31
Q

Wat is n ander belangrike aspek van SIL

A

Die proof test interval. Sisteme moet getoets word, daar word n bepaling gedoen van hoe gereeld

32
Q

Met SIL , wat is die verskil tussen redundancy en diversity

A

Redundancy - twee inafhanklike vloei netwr as n voorbeeld
Diversity - probeer dieselfde meet, op n heeltemal ander manier

33
Q

QRA

A

Quantified risk assessment

34
Q

Akroniem vir die levels van risk reduction

A

ERICPD
Eliminate, reduce, isolate, control, protect, discipline

35
Q

ALARP

A

As low as reasonably practicable

36
Q

Baie belangrik, rate of incidents (ALARP)

A

1E-3/jaar = intolerable (bo dit)
1E-4/jaar = tolerable if alarp (publiek)
1E-6/jaar = broadly acceptable vir almal

37
Q

In terme van die ALARP ranges waar sal jy watter RA gebruik

A

Qualitative laagste risiko
ALARP - semi quantitative
Intolerable - quantitative

38
Q

RAM

A

Risk assessment matrix

39
Q

IR and AR

A

Individual risk and Aggregate risk

40
Q

Environmental accident pathway

A

Source - pathway - receptors

41
Q

Operating envelopes

A

Opearting - alarm - trip - limit of mechanical integrity

42
Q

PSSR

A

Pre start safety review

43
Q

3 important things for barrier health

A

Asset integrity:
Design integrity
Operations integrity
Technical integrity

44
Q

SECE

A

Safety and Environmental critical element

45
Q

What do you eed for each SECE

A

IMT programme
Inspection Maintenance and Testing programme

46
Q

ORA

A

Operarional risk assessment

47
Q

3 tipes maintenance

A

Predictive
Preventative
Breakdown

48
Q

RBI

A

Risk based inspection

49
Q

RBI methods

A

Qualitative
Semi quantitative
Quantitative

Process Improvement - Research (36 decks)

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