Process SAFETY Training

Question 1

What is process safety?

Answer 1

• systematic framework for managing the integrity of hazardous processes
• uses a blend of engineering, management and leadership skills to prevent major accidents (explosions, fires and toxic releases)
• focusses on three key aspects: plant, process and people

Question 2

Model for process safety?

Answer 2

Leadership in die middel, met 6 key considerations:
- engineering and design
- system and procedures
- assurance
- knowledge and competence
- human factors
- culture

Question 3

Basiese beginasel van n bowtie

Answer 3

Unwanted event in die middel. Links - aanleiding
Regs - gevolge
Dan kan jy kyk wat om in plek te sit om met alles te “deal”. Ie preventative measures, sowel as mitigation

Question 4

5 tipiese redes vir LoC

Answer 4

• sudden failure (overpressure)
• weakened containment (maintenance errors)
• external energy
• gradual failure (corrosion)
• accidental release

Question 5

5 key factors that influence the severity of a LoC event

Answer 5

• time
• inventory
• material
• energy
• exposure

Question 6

Wat is n passive barrier

Answer 6

Dont require action - they exist. Ie bund walls, blast resistant walls etc.

Question 7

Active barriers

Answer 7

Rely on detection of a hazardous conditions and react.

Question 8

Derde tipe barrier?

Answer 8

Administrative

Question 9

Order of barrier reliability

Answer 9

Administrative - active - passive

Question 10

James reason

Answer 10

• Bekend vir swiss cheese model
• daar is ook die full reason model
  Investigation kyk na unsafe acts, dan workplace factors, dan organisational factors

Question 11

Opposite sides of the same coin - process safety and?

Answer 11

Asset integrity management

Question 12

Drie aspekte van asset integrity

Answer 12

• Design integrity
• operations integrity
• technical integrity

Question 13

Wat is n hazard

Answer 13

Something with the potential yo cause harm

Question 14

Risk

Answer 14

Likelihood that tye potential harm from the hazard will be realized

Question 15

Extent of risk

Answer 15

Depends on likelihood and consequence level

Question 16

Hoe lyk risk in terme van toxins?

Answer 16

= likelihood × dose
Dose = toxic concentration x exposure duration

Question 17

Wat is MAH, en kan eskaleer tot?

Answer 17

Major accident hazard, can lead to MAE (Major accident event) of n MATTE (Major accident to the environment)

Question 18

Probability is?

Answer 18

Dimensioneless, whereas frequency is not. It is the probability of something happening per unit of time

Question 19

Waarvoor staan Hazop?

Answer 19

Hazard and operability study

Question 20

Twee tipes hazard identification

Answer 20

Pure identification en Supplementary techniques

Question 21

SWIFT

Answer 21

Structured what if technique

Question 22

Hazid

Answer 22

Hazard identification
Applies to process flowndigrams with key prompts such as external fire, internal explosion etc.

Question 23

Envid

Answer 23

Environmental impact identification

Question 24

Hazop key words as applied to a specific stage, or process flow

Answer 24

• no
• more
• less
• as well as
• part of
• reverse
• other than
• faster
• slower

Question 25

A Hazop can identify hazards, as well as?

Answer 25

Operational problems and required safeguards

Question 26

Disadvantages van n Hazop

Answer 26

Doesn’t adress spatial issues
Resource intensive
If you want the most impact, time sensitive (after detail design, but before construction)

Question 27

Waar gebruik ons die and en or gates, hoe lyk die wiskunde?

Answer 27

Met n fault tree analysis. So die hoof negatiewe ding word neergeskryf, en dan die goed wat daartoe sou aanleiding gee

And gates maal ons die waarskynlikhede, or gates is dit basies (1-(1-p1)(1-p2))

Question 28

FMEA, die alternatief en waarmee kan dit vergelyk word?

Answer 28

Failure Mode and Effects analysis
FMECA
Dit is soortgelyk aan n HAZOP vir n proses, maar nou net op seker toerusting

Question 29

Malop and Chazop

Answer 29

Mal operations study
Computer systems HAZOP

Question 30

LOPA

Answer 30

Layers of protection analysis