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Physl > Nervous System 6 - Association Cortices > Flashcards

Nervous System 6 - Association Cortices Flashcards

1
Q

How much of the Brain is Association Cortices?

A

80% of the brain

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2
Q

What are Association Cortices involved in?

A

Cognition: attention, identification of relevant stimuli, recognition of objects, planning behavior and memory storage

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3
Q

What do Association Cortices do?

A

Integrate information from multiple brain regions, linking different sensory modalities to motor actions

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4
Q

What is the Prefrontal cortex important for?

A

Temporal organization of behavior

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5
Q

What do Lesions of the Prefrontal cortex result in?

A
  • Difficulties in initiating and executing new goal-directed behavior
  • Deficits in short term memory
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6
Q

What do Lesions of the Prefrontal cortex not result in?

A

They do not affect ordinary motor routines or generating IQ

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7
Q

Which part of the brain is required for remembering specific sensory cues that are linked to motor actions?

A

The Prefrontal cortex

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8
Q

What is another name for Short Term memory?

A

Working memory

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9
Q

What is Working Memory?

A

A temporary memory store used for planning and guiding motor actions

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10
Q

What tasks test the function of the Prefrontal cortex?

A

Delayed action tasks

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11
Q

What is the test for monkeys of the Prefrontal crortex?

A

Two dishes are placed in front of the money. A screen is lowered and the food is covered leaving a delay period. The screen is raised and the monkey must uncover the well with the food

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12
Q

In the monkey test, what did the brain of the monkeys look like?

A

Neurons show sustained, increased firing during the delay period - believed to represent the working memory of a cue

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13
Q

What is Prosopagnosia?

A

Defective facial recognition in humans

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14
Q

What does Prosopagnosia result from?

A

Damage to the Fusiform face area

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15
Q

What are the face recognition areas of the human brain?

A
  • Fusiform face area
  • Occipital face area
  • Superior temporal sulcus
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16
Q

What is the function of the Fusiform Face Area?

A

Identification of person

17
Q

What is the function of the Occipital Face Area?

A

Perception of specific facial featurs

18
Q

What is the function of the Superior Temporal Sulcus?

A

Perception of facial expression

19
Q

What links do the FFA, OFA and STS have?

A

They link faces to emotions, memory, social info and speech processing

20
Q

Which regions do the FFA, OFA and STS link to?

A
  • Amygdala
  • Anterior temporal cortex
  • Anterior paracingulate area
21
Q

What occurs in the Oculomotor delayed response task?

A

A monkey fixates on the center
A light flashes in a location
Delay
Monkey must direct eyes to the location of the cue for a reward

22
Q

What is the result of the Monkey oculomotor task?

A

During the delay there was activity of the prefrontal cells which may be linked to the impending motor response and not always the memory of the cues location

23
Q

What did Hubel and Wiesel demonstrate?

A

That some cells in the Primary Visual Cortex (V1) fire when specific light patterns are presented

24
Q

When do regions of the neocortex beyond V1 fire?

A

When more complex visual stimuli are presented

25
Q

What does the Striate/ Extrastriate cortex contain?

A

Neurons that respond to a particular feature of visual infor (ie color, motion, orientation)

26
Q

What is the starting point of the Visual Cortex Hierarchy?

A

It starts with the Striate cortex (V1)

27
Q

What does each region of the visual cortex do?

A

Processes info and passes it to higher regions for more analysis

28
Q

What does perception of entire visual scenes require?

A

Info from separate cortical regions be combined in the visual association cortices

29
Q

What is the Posterior Parietal Cortex concerned with?

A

determining where an object is located

30
Q

What is the function of the Inferior Temporal Lobe?

A

Processing info to assess what an object is

31
Q

What does damage to the inferior temporal lobe do?

A

Impairs the ability to recognize familiar objects

32
Q

What is Agnosia?

A

The ability to recognize familiar objects

33
Q

What is the grouping behind perception of objects?

A

Populations of cells, not single cells encode perception of objects

34
Q

How are neurons in the IT cortex arranged?

A

In vertical columns

35
Q

What do neurons in the Inferotemporal cortex respond best to?

A

Complex 3D objects or pictures of those objects

Physl (94 decks)

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