Cell Physiology -Topic 1 Slides

Question 1

What is the smallest unit capable of carrying out the functions of life?

Answer 1

The cell

Question 2

What is the cell to living organisms?

Answer 2

The structural and functional unit

Question 3

What are some things that the cell does for organisms?

Answer 3

Obtaining nutrients, converting nutrients to energy like ATP, communicating, reproducing, synthesizing proteins which are necessary for cell structure and growth

Question 4

What are Cell membranes are integral for?

Answer 4

Cell function

Question 5

What do Intracellular membranes do?

Answer 5

Form the boundaries of organelles

Question 6

What is movement of ions and small molecules across membrane barriers mediated and regulated by?

Answer 6

Transport proteins (channels and transporters

Question 7

How many cells are there in the body?

Answer 7

30-60 trillion cells in the body

Question 8

What is Intercellular space?

Answer 8

The space between two cells

Question 9

What do all Membranes consist of?

Answer 9

Double layer of lipid molecules with embedded proteins

Question 10

What is the head of the membrane made of?

Answer 10

Phospolipids

Question 11

What is the tail of the membrane made of?

Answer 11

Fatty acid chains

Question 12

Which part of the membrane is Polar?

Answer 12

The Phospholipid head

Question 13

What part of the membrane is nonpolar?

Answer 13

The fatty acid chains

Question 14

What does Amphipathic mean?

Answer 14

Have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

Question 15

Why don’t phospholipids form Micelles?

Answer 15

Because their tails are too bulky

Question 16

How do kinks in the fatty acid chain affect the membrane?

Answer 16

They affect its ability to pack closely together in the membrane

Question 17

What are all steroids made from?

Answer 17

Cholesterol

Question 18

What is the structure of cholesterol?

Answer 18

3 six carbon rings and 1 five carbon ring

Question 19

What makes Cholesterol have a hydrophobic side?

Answer 19

The carbon hydrogen side chain

Question 20

What is the polarization of cholesterol?

Answer 20

It is Amphipathic

Question 21

What makes cholesterol amphipathic?

Answer 21

Its carbon hydrogen side chain and its alcohol group

Question 22

Where are Globular proteins located?

Answer 22

Float on the phospholipids of the cell membrane

Question 23

What does the Lipid bilayer allow for in terms of movement?

Answer 23

Gives fluidity and elasticity to the membrane

Question 24

Where are carbohydrates that are found in the membrane usually present?

Answer 24

Attached to proteins or lipids

Question 25

What does Mobility of globular proteins in the membrane arise from?

Answer 25

Fluidity of the lipid by layer

Question 26

What are the two types of proteins in the membrane?

Answer 26

Integral and Peripheral membrane proteins

Question 27

In what ways can the membrane proteins move?

Answer 27

They can move laterally and change their topographic distribution within the membrane

Question 28

Where are Integral membrane proteins located?

Answer 28

They are stuck either partially in the plasma membrane or completely span the bilayer

Question 29

Where are Peripheral membrane proteins located?

Answer 29

They lie above the plane of the membrane and do not permeate the membrane

Question 30

How can movement of cellular proteins be restricted?

Answer 30

They can be restricted if they are attached to other components of the membrane or other components inside or outside the cell

Question 31

When is the rate of movement of phospholipids higher?

Answer 31

If the chain of fatty acids is shorter and they are doubled

Question 32

What does a shorter chain of fatty acids mean?

Answer 32

There is less interaction between the tails of adjacent phospholipids

Question 33

Where is the cytoskeleton located?

Answer 33

Inside the cytoplasm

Question 34

What is the Cytoskeleton made of?

Answer 34

Different protein filaments that attach to each other and to parts of the plasma mem

Question 35

How does cholesterol affect the membrane?

Answer 35

Cholesterol packs in between the phospholipid molecules and interacts with hydrocarbon chains of the tails restricting the later moment of phospholipids and making it less fluid

Question 36

How does Cholesterol affect the membrane at low temperatures?

Answer 36

It prevents fatty acid tails from crystallizing

Question 37

How does Cholesterol affect the membrane at higher temperatures?

Answer 37

It prevents phospholipids from moving around too much

Question 38

How can the Phospholipids vary?

Answer 38

They have the nitrogen containing chemical group that can change

Question 39

What does asymmetry in the cell membrane support?

Answer 39

The different functional differences of inner and outer sides of membranes