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Physl > Cell Physiology -Topic 1 Slides > Flashcards

Cell Physiology -Topic 1 Slides Flashcards

1
Q

What is the smallest unit capable of carrying out the functions of life?

A

The cell

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2
Q

What is the cell to living organisms?

A

The structural and functional unit

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3
Q

What are some things that the cell does for organisms?

A

Obtaining nutrients, converting nutrients to energy like ATP, communicating, reproducing, synthesizing proteins which are necessary for cell structure and growth

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4
Q

What are Cell membranes are integral for?

A

Cell function

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5
Q

What do Intracellular membranes do?

A

Form the boundaries of organelles

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6
Q

What is movement of ions and small molecules across membrane barriers mediated and regulated by?

A

Transport proteins (channels and transporters

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7
Q

How many cells are there in the body?

A

30-60 trillion cells in the body

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8
Q

What is Intercellular space?

A

The space between two cells

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9
Q

What do all Membranes consist of?

A

Double layer of lipid molecules with embedded proteins

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10
Q

What is the head of the membrane made of?

A

Phospolipids

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11
Q

What is the tail of the membrane made of?

A

Fatty acid chains

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12
Q

Which part of the membrane is Polar?

A

The Phospholipid head

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13
Q

What part of the membrane is nonpolar?

A

The fatty acid chains

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14
Q

What does Amphipathic mean?

A

Have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

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15
Q

Why don’t phospholipids form Micelles?

A

Because their tails are too bulky

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16
Q

How do kinks in the fatty acid chain affect the membrane?

A

They affect its ability to pack closely together in the membrane

17
Q

What are all steroids made from?

A

Cholesterol

18
Q

What is the structure of cholesterol?

A

3 six carbon rings and 1 five carbon ring

19
Q

What makes Cholesterol have a hydrophobic side?

A

The carbon hydrogen side chain

20
Q

What is the polarization of cholesterol?

A

It is Amphipathic

21
Q

What makes cholesterol amphipathic?

A

Its carbon hydrogen side chain and its alcohol group

22
Q

Where are Globular proteins located?

A

Float on the phospholipids of the cell membrane

23
Q

What does the Lipid bilayer allow for in terms of movement?

A

Gives fluidity and elasticity to the membrane

24
Q

Where are carbohydrates that are found in the membrane usually present?

A

Attached to proteins or lipids

25
Q

What does Mobility of globular proteins in the membrane arise from?

A

Fluidity of the lipid by layer

26
Q

What are the two types of proteins in the membrane?

A

Integral and Peripheral membrane proteins

27
Q

In what ways can the membrane proteins move?

A

They can move laterally and change their topographic distribution within the membrane

28
Q

Where are Integral membrane proteins located?

A

They are stuck either partially in the plasma membrane or completely span the bilayer

29
Q

Where are Peripheral membrane proteins located?

A

They lie above the plane of the membrane and do not permeate the membrane

30
Q

How can movement of cellular proteins be restricted?

A

They can be restricted if they are attached to other components of the membrane or other components inside or outside the cell

31
Q

When is the rate of movement of phospholipids higher?

A

If the chain of fatty acids is shorter and they are doubled

32
Q

What does a shorter chain of fatty acids mean?

A

There is less interaction between the tails of adjacent phospholipids

33
Q

Where is the cytoskeleton located?

A

Inside the cytoplasm

34
Q

What is the Cytoskeleton made of?

A

Different protein filaments that attach to each other and to parts of the plasma mem

35
Q

How does cholesterol affect the membrane?

A

Cholesterol packs in between the phospholipid molecules and interacts with hydrocarbon chains of the tails restricting the later moment of phospholipids and making it less fluid

36
Q

How does Cholesterol affect the membrane at low temperatures?

A

It prevents fatty acid tails from crystallizing

37
Q

How does Cholesterol affect the membrane at higher temperatures?

A

It prevents phospholipids from moving around too much

38
Q

How can the Phospholipids vary?

A

They have the nitrogen containing chemical group that can change

39
Q

What does asymmetry in the cell membrane support?

A

The different functional differences of inner and outer sides of membranes

Physl (94 decks)

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