Blood 11

Question 1

What are the 3 clinical anticoagulants?

Answer 1

• Calcium Chelators
• Heparin
• Antagonists of vitamin K

Question 2

Where do Calcium Chelators work?

Answer 2

In vitro

Question 3

Where does Heparin work?

Answer 3

In vivo and in vitro

Question 4

Where do antagonists of Vitamin K work?

Answer 4

In vivo

Question 5

How do Calcium Chelators work?

Answer 5

They remove Ca2+ from the blood

Question 6

How does Heparin work?

Answer 6

It increases the effect of Antithrombin 3

Question 7

How do Antagonists of Vitamin K work?

Answer 7

They inhibit synthesis of factor II, VII, IX, and X in the liver

Question 8

What is an an example of a Calcium Chelator?

Answer 8

Sodium citrate

Question 9

Why aren’t calcium chelators used in vivo?

Answer 9

Because they would disrupt multiple systems

Question 10

What is Fibrinolysis?

Answer 10

Breaking down a blood clot after we no longer need it

Question 11

What is the solubility of Fibrin?

Answer 11

Insoluble

Question 12

What it the inactive form of Plasmin known as?

Answer 12

Plasminogen

Question 13

What converts Plasminogen to Plasmin?

Answer 13

Plasminogen activators

Question 14

What are the two types of plasminogen activators?

Answer 14

Natural and Clinical plasminogen activators

Question 15

What is the natural Plasminogen activator?

Answer 15

tPA

Question 16

What is tPA?

Answer 16

The natural plasminogen activator

Question 17

Where is tPA usually found?

Answer 17

In normal endothelium where a clot is not needed

Question 18

What does tPA produce and what does it do?

Answer 18

Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) which converts inactive plasminogen to the active plasma which breaks down fibrin

Question 19

How can the release of tPA be increased?

Answer 19

Through exercise

Question 20

What are Thrombolytic drugs?

Answer 20

Clinical clot busters

Question 21

What is an example of a Clinical Clot Buster?

Answer 21

Tenectaplase

Question 22

What does tenecteplase do?

Answer 22

It converts the inactive plasminogen to plasmin which breaks down a clot

Question 23

What causes excessive bleeding or hemorrhaging?

Answer 23

The failure of hemostatic mechanisms to work when they are required

Question 24

What does Thrombosis cause?

Answer 24

Formation of blood clots when they are not required; may lead to a heart attack, stroke, etc

Question 25

What is the lack of enough platelets known as?

Answer 25

Thrombocytopenia

Question 26

What can abnormal platelet function be due to?

Answer 26

Deficient vWF

Question 27

What can cause problems with clotting factors?

Answer 27

Hereditary deficiencies (hemophilias) or acquired deficiencies (ie vitamin K deficiency)