ANS Lecture 3 Flashcards
What are smooth muscles innervated by?
Postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system
What does the Postganglionic fibre contain on the muscle?
Varicosities
What do Varicosities contain?
Vesicles that contain neurotransmitter molecules
Where is the Adrenal gland found?
On top of the kidney
What are the two glands of the Adrenal Gland?
- Outer - Adrenal Cortex
* Inner - Adrenal Medulla
What is the Adrenal Medulla innervated by?
The sympathetic nervous system
What type of fibers is the Adrenal Medulla innervated by?
Sympathetic Preganglionic fibers
What are Chromaffin cells?
Cells in the Adrenal Medulla that creates hormones, store them and release hormones
What are Chromaffin cells in the Adrenal medulla equivalent to?
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers
What are Hormones?
Molecules that are released from special cells, go into blood circulation and transported around the body to its targets
What is the Neurotransmitter in the Somatic system?
Acetylcholine
What is the major transmitter in all the Ganglia?
Acetylcholine
What is the neurotransmitter between pre and postsynaptic ganglion in and sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?
Acetylcholine
What is the neurotransmitter for parasympathetic postganglionic fibers?
Acetylcholine
Which neurotransmitter acts on muscles in the sympathetic system?
Noradrenaline
What is the major neurotransmitter of postganglionic sympathetic fibers?
Adrenaline
How do sympathetic preganglionic fibers act on the medulla?
By releasing acetylcholine
Which hormones does the Medulla release?
Adrenaline and noradrenaline
What is the major hormone released by the Medulla?
Adrenaline
What family does Adrenaline and Noradrenaline belong to?
Catecholamines
What neurotransmitter do both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic fibers release?
Acetylcholine
What neurotransmitters are released in the Parasympathetic pathway?
Preganglionic fiber to postganglionic fiber: Acetylcholine
Postganglionic fibers to smooth muscle etc: Acetylcholine
Which neurotransmitters are released in the Sympathetic pathways?
•Preganglionic fiber to Postganglionic fiber: Acetylcholine
Postganglionic fiber to Smooth muscle: Noradrenaline
•Preganglionic fiber to adrenal medulla: Acetylcholine
Adrenal Medulla to smooth muscle: Adrenaline or Noradrenaline
What is Acetylcholine produced from?
Acetyl CoA and Choline
How does Acetylcholinesterase work?
It breaks down ACh into Choline and acetate and the Choline is recycled by active transport
What does Choline Acetyltransferase do?
Makes acetylcholine by combining Acetyl CoA and Choline
What is Noradrenaline produced from?
Tyrosine
What is tyrosine converted into before it becomes Noradrenaline?
DOPA to Dopamine to Noradrenaline
What type of receptors does Noradrenaline bind to?
Adrenergic receptors
How is Noradrenaline reused?
The actual noradrenaline molecule is taken back into the varicosity
