ANS Lecture 3

Question 1

What are smooth muscles innervated by?

Answer 1

Postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system

Question 2

What does the Postganglionic fibre contain on the muscle?

Answer 2

Varicosities

Question 3

What do Varicosities contain?

Answer 3

Vesicles that contain neurotransmitter molecules

Question 4

Where is the Adrenal gland found?

Answer 4

On top of the kidney

Question 5

What are the two glands of the Adrenal Gland?

Answer 5

• Outer - Adrenal Cortex

* Inner - Adrenal Medulla

Question 6

What is the Adrenal Medulla innervated by?

Answer 6

The sympathetic nervous system

Question 7

What type of fibers is the Adrenal Medulla innervated by?

Answer 7

Sympathetic Preganglionic fibers

Question 8

What are Chromaffin cells?

Answer 8

Cells in the Adrenal Medulla that creates hormones, store them and release hormones

Question 9

What are Chromaffin cells in the Adrenal medulla equivalent to?

Answer 9

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers

Question 10

What are Hormones?

Answer 10

Molecules that are released from special cells, go into blood circulation and transported around the body to its targets

Question 11

What is the Neurotransmitter in the Somatic system?

Answer 11

Acetylcholine

Question 12

What is the major transmitter in all the Ganglia?

Answer 12

Acetylcholine

Question 13

What is the neurotransmitter between pre and postsynaptic ganglion in and sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 13

Acetylcholine

Question 14

What is the neurotransmitter for parasympathetic postganglionic fibers?

Answer 14

Acetylcholine

Question 15

Which neurotransmitter acts on muscles in the sympathetic system?

Answer 15

Noradrenaline

Question 16

What is the major neurotransmitter of postganglionic sympathetic fibers?

Answer 16

Adrenaline

Question 17

How do sympathetic preganglionic fibers act on the medulla?

Answer 17

By releasing acetylcholine

Question 18

Which hormones does the Medulla release?

Answer 18

Adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 19

What is the major hormone released by the Medulla?

Answer 19

Adrenaline

Question 20

What family does Adrenaline and Noradrenaline belong to?

Answer 20

Catecholamines

Question 21

What neurotransmitter do both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic fibers release?

Answer 21

Acetylcholine

Question 22

What neurotransmitters are released in the Parasympathetic pathway?

Answer 22

Preganglionic fiber to postganglionic fiber: Acetylcholine

Postganglionic fibers to smooth muscle etc: Acetylcholine

Question 23

Which neurotransmitters are released in the Sympathetic pathways?

Answer 23

•Preganglionic fiber to Postganglionic fiber: Acetylcholine
Postganglionic fiber to Smooth muscle: Noradrenaline
•Preganglionic fiber to adrenal medulla: Acetylcholine
Adrenal Medulla to smooth muscle: Adrenaline or Noradrenaline

Question 24

What is Acetylcholine produced from?

Answer 24

Acetyl CoA and Choline

Question 25

How does Acetylcholinesterase work?

Answer 25

It breaks down ACh into Choline and acetate and the Choline is recycled by active transport

Question 26

What does Choline Acetyltransferase do?

Answer 26

Makes acetylcholine by combining Acetyl CoA and Choline

Question 27

What is Noradrenaline produced from?

Answer 27

Tyrosine

Question 28

What is tyrosine converted into before it becomes Noradrenaline?

Answer 28

DOPA to Dopamine to Noradrenaline

Question 29

What type of receptors does Noradrenaline bind to?

Answer 29

Adrenergic receptors

Question 30

How is Noradrenaline reused?

Answer 30

The actual noradrenaline molecule is taken back into the varicosity