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Physl > Muscle 3 + 4 > Flashcards

Muscle 3 + 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are Thin filaments tethered to at one end?

A

The Z disk

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2
Q

What is the thin filament of actin composed of?

A

A double stranded α helical polymer of actin molecules (F actin)

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3
Q

What is F actin?

A

The backbone of the thin filament actin composed of α helical polymer of actin molecules

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4
Q

What is F actin associated with?

A

Two actin regulatory binding proteins: Tropomyosin and troponin

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5
Q

Which regulatory binding proteins is actin associated with?

A

Tropomyosin and troponin

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6
Q

What is each thin filament formed by?

A

The polymerization (combination) of many single molecules of globular actin

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7
Q

What are thin filaments composed of?

A
  • Two globular strands of actin
  • Two smaller strands of tropomyosin
  • Troponin
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8
Q

What do Tropomyosin molecules consist of?

A

Two identical α helices that shadow the actin double helix

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9
Q

Where does the Tropmyosin sit?

A

In the grooves of the helical actin strands

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10
Q

What are the three components of Troponin?

A

TnT
TnC
TnI

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11
Q

What can Troponin be described as because of its three components?

A

Heterotrimer

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12
Q

What does TnT of troponin bind to?

A

Tropomyosin

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13
Q

What does TnC of Troponin bind to?

A

Calcium

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14
Q

What does TnI of troponin bind to and what does it do?

A

Binds to actin and inhibits contraction

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15
Q

What does the coordinated actions of the troponin complex allow for?

A

Actin and Myosin interactions to be regulated by calcium

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16
Q

Aside from Actin, Troponin and Tropomyosin what do the thin filaments also contain?

A

Nebulin

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17
Q

What is Nebulin and what does it do?

A

An inelastic protein which helps to anchor the thin filaments to the Z disk

18
Q

What are Thick filaments generally made of?

A

Intertwined complexes of proteins

19
Q

What is the meaning of Myosin being a double trimer?

A

It means that there are a total of 6 chains in each myosin

20
Q

What does each Myosin consist of?

A
  • Two intertwined heavy chains
  • Two regulatory light chains
  • two alkali (essential) light chains
21
Q

What are the three regions of the the two heavy chains of Myosin?

A
  • Rod (tail)
  • Hinge
  • Head region
22
Q

What is the description of the Rod (tail) region of mysoin?

A

They are α helices that wrap around each other

23
Q

What occurs at the hinge region of Myosin?

A

the Tail region begins to unwind and open to form two globular heads

24
Q

What are the Globular heads for Myosin?

A

The cross bridges between the thick and thin filaments of the sarcomere

25
Q

What do the Globular heads of actin and myosin contain binding sites for?

A
  • Actin

* Binding and Hydrolyzing ATP

26
Q

What does the head portion of each myosin form a complex with?

A

Two light chains
•One regulatory
•One alkali

27
Q

What does the Alkali light chain on the Myosin play a role in?

A

Stabilizing the myosin head region

28
Q

What does the Regulatory light chain on the Myosin do?

A

Regulates the ATPase activity of myosin

29
Q

What is a thick filament made up of?

A

Many molecules of myosin

30
Q

What does a cross bridge refer to?

A

The attachment of myosin with actin within the muscle cell

31
Q

What is Cross-Bridge Cycling?

A

Repeated attachment of actin and myosin within the cell

32
Q

Where is ATP of muscle cells split?

A

In the region where actin and myosin heads can make contact

33
Q

What is the energy generated by the splitting of ATP converted into?

A

Small movement

34
Q

What are the thick and thin filaments held in place by?

A

Plates of accessory proteins

35
Q

What do the accessory proteins that hold the thick and filaments in place divide the myofibrils into?

A

Sarcomeres

36
Q

What is Titin?

A

A large elastic protein that anchors the thick myosin filament to the Z disc

37
Q

What does Titin attach to?

A

The Z disc and the myosin

38
Q

What do C protein and myomesin do?

A

Hold the thick filament in precise alignment at the M line

39
Q

What holds the thick filament at the M line?

A

C protein and Myomesin

40
Q

What is α-actinin important for?

A

The attachment of actin filaments to the Z disk

41
Q

What attaches the actin filaments to the Z disc?

A

α-actinin

42
Q

What does Nebulin do?

A

Helps to anchor actin to Z disks

Physl (94 decks)

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