Blood 2 Flashcards
What are the 3 main types of blood cells?
Red blood cells, White blood cells and Platelets
What cells are the most common cells in the blood?
Red blood cells
What are the 5 types of White blood cells?
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Monocytes
- Lymphocytes
What is the main function of red blood cells?
To transport oxygen
What is the size comparison between RBCs and Platelets?
Platelets are quite a bit smaller than RBCs
What is the function of Platelets?
Prevention of blood loss
What are the 3 Main classes of WBCs?
- Polymorphonuclear granulocytes
- Monocyte
- Lymphocytes
What are the 3 types of Polymorphonuclear granulocytes?
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
What are the two types of Lymphocytes?
B-cells and T-cells
What is the meaning of Polymorphonuclear granulocytes?
It means that they have one nucleus but its shaped in weird ways. The granulocyte part means that the cytoplasm of these cells contain various granules
What are the most common type of Polymorphonuclear granulocytes?
Neutrophils, making just over half of them
What are the largest white blood cells?
Monocytes
What are the second most common white blood cells?
Lymphocytes
What is the main role of WBCs?
Defense
How do WBCs have a role in defense?
- Phagocytic
- Inflammation
- Antibodies
What is Haemopoiesis?
The formation of blood cells
What is the major site of Hematopoiesis after birth, in adults?
Bone marrow
Where is the major site of Hematopoiesis before bith?
The yolk sac, liver and spleen
What is a multipotential stem cell?
A stem cell which has the ability to give rise to differentiation along various pathways producing different cells
What is differentiation regulated by?
By molecules called cytokines
What are cytokines sometime described as?
Hormones of the immune system
What are Cytokines?
Hormone like molecules which can regulate the production of cells (Red, White and platelets) so that numbers are kept within a narrow range
What are Haematopoietins?
Molecules that regulate the processes of Hematopoiesis
What are the Haematopoietins for RBCs?
Erythropoietins
What are the Haematopoietins for WBCs?
Colony Stimulating factors or Interleukins
What are the Haematopoietins for Platelets?
Thrombopoietin
What cells are derived from Monocytes?
Macrophages
What ensures stem cells are able to remain in order to produce more cells?
Stem cells replicate and one stays in the bone marrow
Where are Stem Cells found?
In the bone marrow
Where does the Bone Marrow send Stem cells to?
The Blood and the Thymus gland
Which cells do Bone Marrow send to the blood?
RBCs Platelets Monocytes Granulocytes B-Cells
Which cells are sent to the tissue from the blood?
- Macrophages
- Granulocytes
- B+T cells
Where do T-cells go before going to the blood?
the Thymus Gland
Where do T cells mature?
In the thymus gland
What happens to Monocytes once they move into the tissues?
They become macrophages
What is interesting about lymphocytes once they move into the tissues?
They can recirculate and move back from the tissues into the blood
