Cardiovascular Physiology 6

Question 1

What are the Atrioventricular Valves found between?

Answer 1

The Atria and the Ventricles

Question 2

Where is the Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve located?

Answer 2

Between the left atrium and ventricle

Question 3

What sits between the left atrium and ventricle?

Answer 3

The Bicuspid (mitral) valve

Question 4

Where is the Tricuspid valve located?

Answer 4

Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Question 5

What valve sits between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

Answer 5

The Tricuspid valve?

Question 6

What are the two atrioventricular valves?

Answer 6

• Bicuspid (mitral) valve

* Tricuspid valve

Question 7

What do the Semilunar Valves separate?

Answer 7

The ventricles and the arteries into which the ventricles pump their blood

Question 8

What does the Aortic valve separate?

Answer 8

The valve between the left ventricle and the Aorta

Question 9

What is the valve between the left ventricle and Aorta called?

Answer 9

The Aortic valve

Question 10

What does the Pulmonary valve separate?

Answer 10

The right ventricle and pulmonary trunk?

Question 11

What separates the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk?

Answer 11

The Pulmonary Semilunar valve

Question 12

What are the heart valves composed of?

Answer 12

Thin flaps of flexible endothelium-covered fibrous tissue attached to the base of valve rings

Question 13

What are all the heart surfaces that are in contact with blood covered by?

Answer 13

A layer of endothelium

Question 14

What are the flaps of the heart valves also called?

Answer 14

Leaflets or cusps

Question 15

What is the fibrous tissue that the leaflets or cusps made out of known as?

Answer 15

Collagen

Question 16

What are the Valve Rings made of?

Answer 16

Cartilage

Question 17

What opens a one-way valve?

Answer 17

A forward pressure gradient

Question 18

What closes a one way valve?

Answer 18

A backwards pressure gradient

Question 19

What pressures causes the Atrioventricular valves to open?

Answer 19

When the pressure in the atria is greater than the pressure in the ventricles

Question 20

What causes the atrioventricular valves to close?

Answer 20

The contraction of the ventricles which increase pressure in the ventricles

Question 21

How many cusps does the Tricuspid valve have?

Answer 21

Three

Question 22

How many cusps does the Bicuspid valve have?

Answer 22

Two

Question 23

What does each AV valve apparatus consist of?

Answer 23

• Cusps
• Chordae tendineae
• Papillary muscles

Question 24

What are the edges of the AV valve leaflets attached to?

Answer 24

Chordae Tendineae

Question 25

Where do the Chordae Tendineae extend from?

Answer 25

The edges of the leaflets and attach to muscle called papillary muscles

Question 26

What are Papillary muscles?

Answer 26

Cone shaped muscles that protrude from the inner surface of the ventricular wall and attach to Chordae Tendineae

Question 27

What happens when Papillary muscles contract?

Answer 27

They pull on the Chordae Tendineae to become taut

Question 28

Why do the Papillary muscles contract and pull on the Chordae Tendineae?

Answer 28

It keeps the AV valves in a closed position in the face of a strong backwards pressure gradient from the ventricles

Question 29

What is the function of the AV valve apparatus?

Answer 29

Prevents eversion of the AV valves into the atria during contraction of the ventricles

Question 30

Is the contraction of the valves an energy necessary process?

Answer 30

No, contraction still occurs passively

Question 31

How many cusps do both semilunar valves have?

Answer 31

Three

Question 32

What do the Semilunar valves lack in comparison to the AV valve?

Answer 32

Chordae Tendineae and Papillary muscles