Cardiovascular Physiology 6 Flashcards
What are the Atrioventricular Valves found between?
The Atria and the Ventricles
Where is the Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve located?
Between the left atrium and ventricle
What sits between the left atrium and ventricle?
The Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Where is the Tricuspid valve located?
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
What valve sits between the right atrium and the right ventricle?
The Tricuspid valve?
What are the two atrioventricular valves?
- Bicuspid (mitral) valve
* Tricuspid valve
What do the Semilunar Valves separate?
The ventricles and the arteries into which the ventricles pump their blood
What does the Aortic valve separate?
The valve between the left ventricle and the Aorta
What is the valve between the left ventricle and Aorta called?
The Aortic valve
What does the Pulmonary valve separate?
The right ventricle and pulmonary trunk?
What separates the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk?
The Pulmonary Semilunar valve
What are the heart valves composed of?
Thin flaps of flexible endothelium-covered fibrous tissue attached to the base of valve rings
What are all the heart surfaces that are in contact with blood covered by?
A layer of endothelium
What are the flaps of the heart valves also called?
Leaflets or cusps
What is the fibrous tissue that the leaflets or cusps made out of known as?
Collagen
What are the Valve Rings made of?
Cartilage
What opens a one-way valve?
A forward pressure gradient
What closes a one way valve?
A backwards pressure gradient
What pressures causes the Atrioventricular valves to open?
When the pressure in the atria is greater than the pressure in the ventricles
What causes the atrioventricular valves to close?
The contraction of the ventricles which increase pressure in the ventricles
How many cusps does the Tricuspid valve have?
Three
How many cusps does the Bicuspid valve have?
Two
What does each AV valve apparatus consist of?
- Cusps
- Chordae tendineae
- Papillary muscles
What are the edges of the AV valve leaflets attached to?
Chordae Tendineae
Where do the Chordae Tendineae extend from?
The edges of the leaflets and attach to muscle called papillary muscles
What are Papillary muscles?
Cone shaped muscles that protrude from the inner surface of the ventricular wall and attach to Chordae Tendineae
What happens when Papillary muscles contract?
They pull on the Chordae Tendineae to become taut
Why do the Papillary muscles contract and pull on the Chordae Tendineae?
It keeps the AV valves in a closed position in the face of a strong backwards pressure gradient from the ventricles
What is the function of the AV valve apparatus?
Prevents eversion of the AV valves into the atria during contraction of the ventricles
Is the contraction of the valves an energy necessary process?
No, contraction still occurs passively
How many cusps do both semilunar valves have?
Three
What do the Semilunar valves lack in comparison to the AV valve?
Chordae Tendineae and Papillary muscles
