Nervous System 5 - Human Neuroanatomy

Question 1

What does Dorsal mean?

Answer 1

Towards the top of the head

Question 2

What Caudal mean?

Answer 2

Towards the back of the head

Question 3

What does Ventral mean?

Answer 3

Towards the front

Question 4

What is the Horizontal plane?

Answer 4

Separating the brain into top and bottom

Question 5

What is the Coronal plane?

Answer 5

Separating the brain into front and back

Question 6

What is the Sagittal plane?

Answer 6

Separating the brain into the left and right

Question 7

How are the Pathways in the CNS names?

Answer 7

Origin + Terminus

e.g., Spinothalamic pathway: From spinal cord to the thalamus

Question 8

What are the 6 major division of the CNS?

Answer 8

• Cerebral Hemispheres
• Diencephalon
• Midbrain
• Pons and Cerebellum
• Medulla
• Spinal cord

Question 9

What does the Cerebral Hemisphere contain?

Answer 9

• Cerebral cortex
• Basal ganglia
• Amygdala
• Hippocampal formation

Question 10

What is the Cerebral hemisphere responsible for?

Answer 10

Cognitive functions
Perception
Some motor function

Question 11

What Cognitive functions is the Cerebral hemisphere responsible for?

Answer 11

Thought, learning and memory

Question 12

What are the parts of the Diencephalon?

Answer 12

Thalamus and the Hypothalamus

Question 13

What is the function of the Thalamus?

Answer 13

A relay station that processes sensory signals going to cerebral cortex

Question 14

What is the function of the Hypothalamus?

Answer 14

Regulates body hormonal levels by controlling secretion of hormones by pituitary glands

Question 15

What are the functions of the midbrain?

Answer 15

• Control eye movements and is involved in motor control of skeletal muscles
• Contain relay nuclei of visual and auditory systems

Question 16

What is the function of the Pons?

Answer 16

Relay signals from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum

Question 17

What is the function of the Medulla?

Answer 17

Regulate respiration and blood pressure

Question 18

What is the function of the Cerebellum?

Answer 18

• Receive sensory input from the spinal cord to the semicircular canals
• Receive motor input from the cerebral cortex
• Coordinates timing of skeletal muscle contractions and eye movements
• Involved in maintaining posture

Question 19

What do Columns contain?

Answer 19

Axons running up and down the spinal cord

Question 20

What do Dorsal Roots contain?

Answer 20

Axons of sensory neurons

Question 21

What do Ventral roots contain?

Answer 21

Axons of motor neuron

Question 22

What are Sulci?

Answer 22

Prominent groves used a landmarks to identify the 4 lobes of the cortex

Question 23

What are Gyri?

Answer 23

Elevated regions (crests)

Question 24

What is the function of the Primary Motor Cortex?

Answer 24

Generate signals for the movement of fingers toes and other parts of the body

Question 25

What does the Primary Motor cortex generate signals through?

Answer 25

The corticospinal tract

Question 26

What is the function of the Primary Somatosensory Cortex?

Answer 26

Feel touch, pain and temperature

Question 27

What is the function of the Frontal lobe?

Answer 27

* Short term memory | * Planning and sequencing of behavioral acts

Question 28

What is the function of the Parietal lobe?

Answer 28

* Processing of somatosensory information | * Recognizing spatial location of objects

Question 29

What is the function of the Occipital lobe?

Answer 29

•Processing visual signals

Question 30

What structures does the temporal lobe contain?

Answer 30

Contain the hippocampus and the amygdala

Question 31

What is the Hippocampus important for?

Answer 31

Our ability to learn and remember facts and events

Question 32

What is the Amygdala important for?

Answer 32

Emotional expressions and in forming proper association between emotions and events

Question 33

Which parts of the brain are important for Regulating Movement?

Answer 33

* Caudate nucleus * Globus pallidus * Putamen

Question 34

What is held within the Internal Capsule?

Answer 34

Contain Thalamocortical fibres

Question 35

What is the function of the Corpus Callosum?

Answer 35

Connect the two hemispheres

Question 36

What is at the Optic Chiasm?

Answer 36

Crossing of optic nerves from eyes

Question 37

Give an example of this statement: Specialized pathways may carry out different tasks

Answer 37

The visual system has different pathways for recognizing objects and for tracking moving objects

Question 38

How many layers does the Cortex have?

Answer 38

6 Layers

Question 39

What happens in layer 4?

Answer 39

Sensory info from the thalamus reaches the cortex and terminates in layer 4

Question 40

What is the Topographical Organization of the brain?

Answer 40

The amount of brain tissue is proportional to the amount of sensory receptors in that body part

Question 41

What are Commissures?

Answer 41

Crossing axons

Question 42

What does the Corticospinal tract control?

Answer 42

Muscles required for precise hand movements