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Physl > Nervous System 5 - Human Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Nervous System 5 - Human Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What does Dorsal mean?

A

Towards the top of the head

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2
Q

What Caudal mean?

A

Towards the back of the head

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3
Q

What does Ventral mean?

A

Towards the front

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4
Q

What is the Horizontal plane?

A

Separating the brain into top and bottom

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5
Q

What is the Coronal plane?

A

Separating the brain into front and back

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6
Q

What is the Sagittal plane?

A

Separating the brain into the left and right

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7
Q

How are the Pathways in the CNS names?

A

Origin + Terminus

e.g., Spinothalamic pathway: From spinal cord to the thalamus

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8
Q

What are the 6 major division of the CNS?

A
  • Cerebral Hemispheres
  • Diencephalon
  • Midbrain
  • Pons and Cerebellum
  • Medulla
  • Spinal cord
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9
Q

What does the Cerebral Hemisphere contain?

A
  • Cerebral cortex
  • Basal ganglia
  • Amygdala
  • Hippocampal formation
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10
Q

What is the Cerebral hemisphere responsible for?

A

Cognitive functions
Perception
Some motor function

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11
Q

What Cognitive functions is the Cerebral hemisphere responsible for?

A

Thought, learning and memory

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12
Q

What are the parts of the Diencephalon?

A

Thalamus and the Hypothalamus

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13
Q

What is the function of the Thalamus?

A

A relay station that processes sensory signals going to cerebral cortex

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14
Q

What is the function of the Hypothalamus?

A

Regulates body hormonal levels by controlling secretion of hormones by pituitary glands

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15
Q

What are the functions of the midbrain?

A
  • Control eye movements and is involved in motor control of skeletal muscles
  • Contain relay nuclei of visual and auditory systems
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16
Q

What is the function of the Pons?

A

Relay signals from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum

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17
Q

What is the function of the Medulla?

A

Regulate respiration and blood pressure

18
Q

What is the function of the Cerebellum?

A
  • Receive sensory input from the spinal cord to the semicircular canals
  • Receive motor input from the cerebral cortex
  • Coordinates timing of skeletal muscle contractions and eye movements
  • Involved in maintaining posture
19
Q

What do Columns contain?

A

Axons running up and down the spinal cord

20
Q

What do Dorsal Roots contain?

A

Axons of sensory neurons

21
Q

What do Ventral roots contain?

A

Axons of motor neuron

22
Q

What are Sulci?

A

Prominent groves used a landmarks to identify the 4 lobes of the cortex

23
Q

What are Gyri?

A

Elevated regions (crests)

24
Q

What is the function of the Primary Motor Cortex?

A

Generate signals for the movement of fingers toes and other parts of the body

25
Q

What does the Primary Motor cortex generate signals through?

A

The corticospinal tract

26
Q

What is the function of the Primary Somatosensory Cortex?

A

Feel touch, pain and temperature

27
Q

What is the function of the Frontal lobe?

A
  • Short term memory

* Planning and sequencing of behavioral acts

28
Q

What is the function of the Parietal lobe?

A
  • Processing of somatosensory information

* Recognizing spatial location of objects

29
Q

What is the function of the Occipital lobe?

A

•Processing visual signals

30
Q

What structures does the temporal lobe contain?

A

Contain the hippocampus and the amygdala

31
Q

What is the Hippocampus important for?

A

Our ability to learn and remember facts and events

32
Q

What is the Amygdala important for?

A

Emotional expressions and in forming proper association between emotions and events

33
Q

Which parts of the brain are important for Regulating Movement?

A
  • Caudate nucleus
  • Globus pallidus
  • Putamen
34
Q

What is held within the Internal Capsule?

A

Contain Thalamocortical fibres

35
Q

What is the function of the Corpus Callosum?

A

Connect the two hemispheres

36
Q

What is at the Optic Chiasm?

A

Crossing of optic nerves from eyes

37
Q

Give an example of this statement: Specialized pathways may carry out different tasks

A

The visual system has different pathways for recognizing objects and for tracking moving objects

38
Q

How many layers does the Cortex have?

A

6 Layers

39
Q

What happens in layer 4?

A

Sensory info from the thalamus reaches the cortex and terminates in layer 4

40
Q

What is the Topographical Organization of the brain?

A

The amount of brain tissue is proportional to the amount of sensory receptors in that body part

41
Q

What are Commissures?

A

Crossing axons

42
Q

What does the Corticospinal tract control?

A

Muscles required for precise hand movements

Physl (94 decks)

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