Nervous System 5 - Human Neuroanatomy Flashcards
What does Dorsal mean?
Towards the top of the head
What Caudal mean?
Towards the back of the head
What does Ventral mean?
Towards the front
What is the Horizontal plane?
Separating the brain into top and bottom
What is the Coronal plane?
Separating the brain into front and back
What is the Sagittal plane?
Separating the brain into the left and right
How are the Pathways in the CNS names?
Origin + Terminus
e.g., Spinothalamic pathway: From spinal cord to the thalamus
What are the 6 major division of the CNS?
- Cerebral Hemispheres
- Diencephalon
- Midbrain
- Pons and Cerebellum
- Medulla
- Spinal cord
What does the Cerebral Hemisphere contain?
- Cerebral cortex
- Basal ganglia
- Amygdala
- Hippocampal formation
What is the Cerebral hemisphere responsible for?
Cognitive functions
Perception
Some motor function
What Cognitive functions is the Cerebral hemisphere responsible for?
Thought, learning and memory
What are the parts of the Diencephalon?
Thalamus and the Hypothalamus
What is the function of the Thalamus?
A relay station that processes sensory signals going to cerebral cortex
What is the function of the Hypothalamus?
Regulates body hormonal levels by controlling secretion of hormones by pituitary glands
What are the functions of the midbrain?
- Control eye movements and is involved in motor control of skeletal muscles
- Contain relay nuclei of visual and auditory systems
What is the function of the Pons?
Relay signals from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum
What is the function of the Medulla?
Regulate respiration and blood pressure
What is the function of the Cerebellum?
- Receive sensory input from the spinal cord to the semicircular canals
- Receive motor input from the cerebral cortex
- Coordinates timing of skeletal muscle contractions and eye movements
- Involved in maintaining posture
What do Columns contain?
Axons running up and down the spinal cord
What do Dorsal Roots contain?
Axons of sensory neurons
What do Ventral roots contain?
Axons of motor neuron
What are Sulci?
Prominent groves used a landmarks to identify the 4 lobes of the cortex
What are Gyri?
Elevated regions (crests)
What is the function of the Primary Motor Cortex?
Generate signals for the movement of fingers toes and other parts of the body
What does the Primary Motor cortex generate signals through?
The corticospinal tract
What is the function of the Primary Somatosensory Cortex?
Feel touch, pain and temperature
What is the function of the Frontal lobe?
- Short term memory
* Planning and sequencing of behavioral acts
What is the function of the Parietal lobe?
- Processing of somatosensory information
* Recognizing spatial location of objects
What is the function of the Occipital lobe?
•Processing visual signals
What structures does the temporal lobe contain?
Contain the hippocampus and the amygdala
What is the Hippocampus important for?
Our ability to learn and remember facts and events
What is the Amygdala important for?
Emotional expressions and in forming proper association between emotions and events
Which parts of the brain are important for Regulating Movement?
- Caudate nucleus
- Globus pallidus
- Putamen
What is held within the Internal Capsule?
Contain Thalamocortical fibres
What is the function of the Corpus Callosum?
Connect the two hemispheres
What is at the Optic Chiasm?
Crossing of optic nerves from eyes
Give an example of this statement: Specialized pathways may carry out different tasks
The visual system has different pathways for recognizing objects and for tracking moving objects
How many layers does the Cortex have?
6 Layers
What happens in layer 4?
Sensory info from the thalamus reaches the cortex and terminates in layer 4
What is the Topographical Organization of the brain?
The amount of brain tissue is proportional to the amount of sensory receptors in that body part
What are Commissures?
Crossing axons
What does the Corticospinal tract control?
Muscles required for precise hand movements
