Blood 6 Flashcards
Which WBC precursors fall under the umbrella of Granulocytes?
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
Which WBC precursor from the blood becomes a Lymphocyte?
B-cells
When do Monocytes become Macrophages?
After leaving the blood and entering the tissues
What cells do WBC precursors form in the bone marrow?
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Monocytes
- B-cells
What cells do WBC precursors form in the Thymus?
T-cells
Where do T-cells go after forming in the Thymus?
The blood
What cell do T-cells become after they enter the blood?
A Lymphocyte
Where are WBC stem cells located?
In the bone marrow
Which white blood cells move into the tissues?
- Granulocytes
- Macrophages
- Lymphocytes
When do B-cells become Lymphocytes?
After moving into the blood from bone marrow
When do T-cells become Lymphocytes?
After moving into the tissues from the Thymus gland
When do Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils become Granulocytes?
After moving into the blood from bone marrow
When do Monocytes become Macrophages?
When they move into the tissue from the blood
What are WBC precursors under the influence of when they turn into Granulocytes?
Various hormone like molecules
How can the Lymphocytes recycle back into the blood?
Through the lymphatic system
What are the appropriate roles of the immune system?
- Defense against invaders
* Removal of own old/damages/abnormal cells
What are inappropriate roles of the immune system?
- Exaggerated response to harmless substances (allergies)
- Autoimmune reactions
- Rejection of transplants
What balance must be kept in the prevention of blood loss?
The balance between “Pro-hemostatic” or “Pro-coagulant” vs “Anti-hemostatic” or “Anti-coagulant factors”
Which factors prevent blood loss?
Pro-hemostatic and Pro-coagulant factors
Which factors keep the blood fluid?
Antihemostatic ot anticoagulant factors`
What is Hemostasis?
The prevention of blood loss
What are the 3 mechanisms of Hemostasis?
- Vasoconstriction
- Primary Hemostasis or Platelet Plug formation (white thrombus)
- Secondary Hemostasis or Blood Clotting or Blood Coagulation (red thrombus)
What is the first step in Hemostasis?
Vasoconstriction of the blood vessel by smooth muscle
Why isn’t vasoconstriction enough to stop blood flow?
Because the blood vessel is under very high pressure
What is the second step in preventing blood loss?
Primary Hemostasis or Platelet Plug formation (white thrombus)
What occurs in Primary Hemostasis or Platelet Plug Formation or (white thrombus)?
Platelets form a plug to plug up the damaged area of a blood vessel
Why isn’t Primary Hemostasis or Platelet Plug Formation or (white thrombus) not always effective?
Because blood is under high pressure and the platelet plug can be pushed away
What is the quickest response to blood loss?
Vasoconstriction
Where do Platelets cells come from?
Stem cells in the bone marrow that form megakaryocytes
Describe the appearance of Megakaryocytes
Large cells that have a strange looking nucleus with multiple lobes
Which hormone like molecule regulates the production of platelets?
Thrombopoietin
How does Thrombopoietin regulate the production of Platelets?
They cause the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes to break up into fragments and become platelets
What do Platelets lack?
A nucleus
What Granules do Platelets contain?
Alpha Granules and Dense Regular Granules
What allows interaction between different platelets?
Various glycoprotein receptors on the surface
