Cardiovascular Physiology 5

Question 1

What is the difference in thickness between the left and right ventricular wall?

Answer 1

The left ventricular wall is a lot thicker than the right ventricular wall

Question 2

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

Answer 2

• Epicardium
• Myocardium
• Endocardium

Question 3

What is the other name for the Epicardium?

Answer 3

The Visceral pericardium

Question 4

What does the Epicardium cover?

Answer 4

The outer surface of the heart

Question 5

What does the Epicardium consist of?

Answer 5

A layer of simple squamous cells and an underlying layer of connect tissue attached to the myocardium

Question 6

What is the function of the Epicardium?

Answer 6

A protective layer of the heart

Question 7

What is the name of the muscular wall of the heart?

Answer 7

Myocardium

Question 8

What is found within the Myocardium?

Answer 8

• Cardiac muscle cells
• Blood vessels
• Nerves

Question 9

What is the innermost layer of the heart wall?

Answer 9

The Endocardium

Question 10

What does the Endocardium line?

Answer 10

The heart cavities and valves

Question 11

What kind of tissue is the Endocardium made of?

Answer 11

Endothelium

Question 12

Where are the layers of the heart found?

Answer 12

In both atria and ventricles

Question 13

What is the shape of Cardiac Muscle cells?

Answer 13

They are branched Y shaped

Question 14

What is the configuration of myocytes?

Answer 14

Longitudinally or end to end

Question 15

Why are myocytes joined longitudinally?

Answer 15

For greater connectivity in the heart such that the arms of one Y shaped myocytes can be attached to two different myocytes

Question 16

Why are Myocytes striated?

Answer 16

Due to the presence of actin and myosin

Question 17

How many nucleus and mitochondria are found in myocytes?

Answer 17

One nucleus and many mitochondria

Question 18

How are adjacent myocytes held together?

Answer 18

In intercalated discs

Question 19

What junctions are found at the intercalated discs of myocytes?

Answer 19

Desmosomes and gap junctions

Question 20

What are Desmosomes?

Answer 20

Specialized junctions which anchor cells together in tissues subject to considerable stretching

Question 21

What are Gap Junctions?

Answer 21

Transmembrane channels that electrically coupled cells and allow small molecules like ions to move from one cell to another

Question 22

What are Gap Junctions important for?

Answer 22

Spreading action potentials