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Physl > Immune System - Lecture 1 Part A > Flashcards

Immune System - Lecture 1 Part A Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the Immune System?

A
  • Prevent or eradicate infections
  • Recognize self from nonself
  • Tissue repair
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2
Q

What is the balance required by the immune system in regards to the variety of pathogens?

A

The immune system must create different strategies to eliminate the variety of pathogens but also not create a strong reaction that will damage our cells

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3
Q

What is an immune response?

A

The process of pathogen recognition leading to an intra or extracellular cascade of events that will eventually cause labelling and destruction of the pathogen

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4
Q

What are the two types of Immune Responses?

A

Passive and Active

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5
Q

When does a Passive Immune response happen?

A

When protection is transferred between individuals so an individual is not producing its own immune response or antibodies

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6
Q

What is an example of a Passive immune response?

A

When newborns receive antibodies from their mothers breast milk

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7
Q

What is the duration of Passive Immunity?

A

It has a short duration and once its eliminated from the body the individual has no protection anymore against the antigen

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8
Q

When does an active immune response occur?

A

When an individual builds its own immune response

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9
Q

What are examples of things that cause an active immune response?

A

Vaccination or through a naturally acquired infection

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10
Q

What is the relative time difference between Passive and Active immunity?

A

Active immunity takes more time than passive immunity

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11
Q

How is Active immunity renewable?

A

Because we produce our own immune response, our cells generate immunologic memory that protects from a second exposure to the antigen

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12
Q

What are the two branches of the immune response besides passive and active?

A

Innate and Adaptive immune response

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13
Q

Which immune response are we born with?

A

The innate immune response

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14
Q

Why is the Innate immune response considered non-specific?

A

Because it recognizes patterns shared among microbes so it doesn’t identify exactly what is it fighting against but initiates the start to contain the infection

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15
Q

Which immune response in non-specific?

A

The innate immune response

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16
Q

Why is the adaptive immune response considered low response?

A

Because it takes some days to happen

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17
Q

What cells does the Adaptive immune response depend on?

A

B and T lymphocytes

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18
Q

What do the B and T lymphocytes do in the adaptive immune response?

A

Recognize specific antigens and then build an adaptive immune response

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19
Q

Which immune response generates memory?

A

The adaptive immune response

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20
Q

What can the Adaptive immune response be divided into?

A

Mediated response and Humoral immune response

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21
Q

What is another name for the Humoral response?

A

Antibody mediated immune response

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22
Q

How do the the Innate and Adaptive immune responses work together?

A

The cells in each response communicate with each other using cytokines or through blood and lymph

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23
Q

What two fluids are involved in the immune response?

A

Blood and lymph

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24
Q

What is an Antigen?

A

Any substance that requires an immune response

25
Q

What is an Epitope?

A

The part of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system

26
Q

What is a Pathogen?

A

The organism that causes a disease

27
Q

What is Pathogenesis?

A

The process by which a pathogen induces illness or disease

28
Q

What do WBCs circulate between?

A

The blood and the lymph

29
Q

What do WBCs do as they circulate between the blood and the lymph?

A

Search for pathogens throughout the body

30
Q

Where do WBCs go after passing into the interstitial fluid from the blood vessels?

A

They enter tissues or the lymphatic vessels where they become part of the lymphatic system

31
Q

What are the two sites where lymphatic drainage occurs?

A

The right subclavian vein and the left subclavian vein

32
Q

What areas does the right subclavian vein take lymphatic drainage from?

A

The right arm and right side of the head

33
Q

What are the 3 functions of the Lymphatic system?

A
  • Drain excess interstitial fluid
  • Transports dietary lipids and lipid soluble vitamins
  • Carries out the immune response
34
Q

What can the organs of the immune response be classified into?

A

Primary or Secondary lymphoid organs

35
Q

What are Primary Lymphoid organs?

A

The sites where WBCs develop and mature

36
Q

Where are all blood cells produced?

A

The bone marrow

37
Q

Where do B lymphocytes have their development and maturation?

A

The bone marrow

38
Q

Where do T lymphocytes have their maturation process?

A

In the Thymus

39
Q

What are the Primary Lymphoid Organs?

A

Bone Marrow and Thymus

40
Q

What are the Secondary Lymphoid organs?

A

The spleen, lymph nodes and other not so organized tissues such as the skin and respiratory and GI tract

41
Q

What cells are Lymph nodes filled with?

A

Lymphocytes, Macrophages and dendritic cells

42
Q

What is the site that Antigens are first encountered?

A

Lymph nodes

43
Q

When does interstitial fluid encounter lymph nodes?

A

In their journey from the blood going towards the left and right subclavian artery

44
Q

What does interstitial fluid enter lymphatic vessels through?

A

Lymphatic vessels

45
Q

What is the network in lymph nodes designed to do?

A

Track an antigen and facilitate cell communication

46
Q

What happens if Lymphocytes find their specific antigen?

A

They take residence in lymph nodes and proliferate and become effector cells and leave and fight the infection where they are needed

47
Q

What do Lymphocytes do if they do not find an antigen in the lymph nodes?

A

They will leave the lymph nodes and continue their search in the blood

48
Q

What causes lymph nodes or tonsils to become swollen?

A

An active immune response is happening there and cells are proliferating

49
Q

What is the Spleen irrigated by?

A

Not by the lymphoid vessels, only by the blood

50
Q

What is the Spleen the site for?

A

Tracking of bloodborne pathogens

51
Q

Which artery does blood enter the spleen from?

A

WBCs, RBCs and antigens enter the spleen via the splenic artery

52
Q

What can the Spleen be divided into?

A

The Red Pulp and White Pulp

53
Q

What occurs in the Red Pulp of the spleen?

A

RBCs are destroyed

54
Q

What occurs in the White Pulp of the spleen?

A

White blood cells, lymphocytes and other immune cells are found here and will proliferate there if they find an antigen

55
Q

Where are the Barrier Organs found?

A

The GI tract, Respiratory tract, and the urogenital tract

56
Q

What is found in Barrier Organs?

A

Immune cells ready in place to protect

57
Q

What are Tissues of the Barrier Organs also referred to as?

A

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissues or MALT

58
Q

Where are MALTs usually found?

A

In places where there are connections to the external environment

Physl (94 decks)

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