Blood 10

Question 1

What is Thrombin produced by and what does it need to be in the presence of in the common pathway?

Answer 1

The inactive precursor prothrombin in the presence of prothrombinase complex

Question 2

What does Thrombin activate in the common pathway?

Answer 2

Fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 3

What is needed to convert Fibrin to its stable form?

Answer 3

Calcium and factor XIII

Question 4

What two pathways can the active factor X pathway come from in vivo?

Answer 4

The Initiation of clotting pathway and the Amplification of plotting pathway

Question 5

What are the steps in the Initiation pathway in vivo?

Answer 5

Tissues damage releases TF and in the presence of VII and calcium and phospholipid from the platelet surface activates factor X in the common pathway

Question 6

What is different about the Initiation pathway in Vivo?

Answer 6

The combination produced activated both factor X in the common pathway and factor IX in the Amplification pathway

Question 7

What is factor IX used?

Answer 7

In the amplification pathway in vivo

Question 8

What is factor IX a component in and in what pathway?

Answer 8

Tenase in the amplification pathway

Question 9

What can the combination produced in the initiation pathway activate?

Answer 9

Factor X and factor IX

Question 10

What occurs when factor IX is activated by the initiation pathway?

Answer 10

It becomes part of Tenase in the amplification pathway

Question 11

Which factor is not present in the Amplification pathway In Vivo and why?

Answer 11

Hageman’s factor XII, because it only causes problems clotting In Vitro

Question 12

What starts off the Amplification pathway In Vivo?

Answer 12

Activation of factor IX

Question 13

When can factor IX be produced in the amplification pathway In Vivo?

Answer 13

It can be produced by Initiation pathway or by factor XI in the presence of calcium

Question 14

How is factor IX activated in the Amplification pathway in Vivo?

Answer 14

It is activated by factor XI in the presence of calcium

Question 15

Once factor IX is activated in the Amplification pathway in vivo what occurs?

Answer 15

It joins the tenase complex and activates factor X in the common pathway

Question 16

What activates factor XIII in the common pathway in vivo?

Answer 16

Thrombin

Question 17

What can Thrombin activate in the Prothrombinase complex in vivo?

Answer 17

Factor V

Question 18

What does Thrombin activating factor V in the prothrombinase complex in the common pathway do in vivo?

Answer 18

It causes the Prothrombinase complex to act more effectively

Question 19

How can Thrombin affect the Tenase complex in the Amplification pathway in vivo?

Answer 19

It activates factor VIII

Question 20

In which pathway is the Tenase complex found?

Answer 20

The amplification pathway in vivo

Question 21

In which pathway is the Prothrombinase complex found?

Answer 21

In the common pathway in vivo

Question 22

How does Thrombin activating factor VIII in vivo affect the amplification pathway?

Answer 22

It causes Tenase to act more effectively

Question 23

What is the main role of Thrombin in vivo?

Answer 23

Convert fibrinogen to fibrin in vivo

Question 24

What are the side roles of Thrombin in vivo?

Answer 24

• Activates factor XIII
• Activates factor V
• Activates factor VIII
• Activates factor XI

Question 25

What does the activation of factor XIII do?

Answer 25

Convert unstable fibrin to stable fibrin

Question 26

What does the activation of factor V do?

Answer 26

Increases the effectiveness of the Prothrombinase complex

Question 27

What does activation of factor VIII do?

Answer 27

Increases the effectiveness of the Tenase complex

Question 28

What does the activation of factor XI do?

Answer 28

Start off the amplification pathway

Question 29

Why is Thrombin important in vivo?

Answer 29

It amplifies the response of blood clotting in many steps

Question 30

Where does Thrombin amplify blood clotting in vivo?

Answer 30

* Converts fibrin to stable fibrin * Activates factor V in prothrombinase in the common pathway * Activates factor VIII in tenase in the amplification pathway * Activates factor XI in the beginning of the amplification pathway

Question 31

How does Thrombin affect Fibrin?

Answer 31

It converts fibrinogen to fibrin and converts fibrin to its stable form

Question 32

How does Thrombin affect Thrombinase?

Answer 32

It activates factor V which is a component of prothrombinase

Question 33

How does Thrombin affect Tenase?

Answer 33

It activates VIII which is a component of Tenase

Question 34

How does Thrombin first affect the amplification pathway?

Answer 34

It activates factor XI

Question 35

How do platelets change when they become activated?

Answer 35

They change their shape and release various substances

Question 36

What protein can Thrombin also activate?

Answer 36

Protein C

Question 37

What does the body use to ensure a clot only forms where it is needed?

Answer 37

Anticoagulants

Question 38

What is Fibrinolysis?

Answer 38

The breakdown of a blood clot when we no longer need it

Question 39

What are the Anticoagulants produced by the body?

Answer 39

* TFPI (Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor) * Antithrombin 3 * Thrombomodulin * Proteins C and S

Question 40

How does TFPI act as an anticoagulant?

Answer 40

Inhibits active factor X and active factor VII

Question 41

How does Antithrombin 3 act in anticoagulation?

Answer 41

Inhibits Thrombin

Question 42

How does Thrombomodulin act in anticoagulation?

Answer 42

Changes thrombin activity

Question 43

How does Protein C and S act in anticoagulation?

Answer 43

Inihbit active factor V and active factor VIII

Question 44

How does Thrombin usually act in terms of Coagulation?

Answer 44

Thrombin is usually a procoagulant substance when not bound to thrombomodulin

Question 45

What general effects does Thrombin have when bound to Thrombomodulin?

Answer 45

Anticoagulant activity

Question 46

How does Thrombin exhibit anticoagulant activity?

Answer 46

Normal endothelial cells have Thrombomodulin (TM) which bind to Thrombin and modulates its activity. This activates protein C and causes the breakdown of clotting factors V and VIII inhibiting clotting

Question 47

What occurs once the Thrombin and TM complex bind to protein C?

Answer 47

It causes the breakdown of factor V and VIII