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Pharmacology > module 6 autonomics > Flashcards

module 6 autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

sympathetic innervation

A

neurons arise in thoracic, lumbar regions

short preganglionic neurons, long post

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2
Q

parasympathetic innervation

A

neurons arise in cranial, sacral regions

long preganglionic neurons, short post

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3
Q

sympathetic neurotransmitters

A

preganglionic: acetylcholine: nicotinic receptors
postganglionic: norepi or acetylcholine: adrenergic or muscarinic receptors

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4
Q

parasympathetic neurotransmitters

A

preganglionic: acetylcholine: nicotinic receptors
postganglionic: acetylcholine: muscarinic receptors

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5
Q

nicotinic ACh receptors

A

stimulated by ACh
PSNS postganglionic neurons
SNS preganglionic and postganglionic sweat glands
neuromuscular junction

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6
Q

muscarinic receptors

A

sweat glands: stimulated by ACh

tissues innervated by PSNS: stimulated by ACh

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7
Q

adrenergic receptors

A

stimulated by norepi

a- and B- receptors on tissues (except sweat glands) innervated by SNS

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8
Q

Catecholamines

A

dopamine
norepinephrine
epinephrine
MAOI

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9
Q

sympathomimetic drugs: nonselective adrenoreceptor agonists

A

norepi
epinephrine
dobutamine

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10
Q

sympathomimetic

A

activate adrenergic receptors

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11
Q

adrenoreceptor

A

stimulated by epi or norepi

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12
Q

a1 selective agonist

A

work post-synaptic

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13
Q

a2 selective agonist

A

work on auto-receptor for negative feedback

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14
Q

sympatholytics

A

block activation of adrenergic receptors

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15
Q

a-agonist

A

a1 > a2&raquo_space;» B

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16
Q

mixed a- and B agonists

A 
Norepi
- a1 = a2
- B1 >> B2
Epi
- a1 = a2
- B1 = B2
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17
Q

a1 sympathomimietic effect vascular smooth muscle

A

contraction

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18
Q

a1 sympathomimetic effect pupillary dilator

A

contraction (dilates pupil)

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19
Q

a1 sympathomimetic effect pilomotor smooth muscle

A

erects hair

20
Q

a1 sympathomimetic effect prostate

A

contraction

21
Q

a1 sympathomimetic effect heart

A

inc. force of contraction

22
Q

a2 sympathomimetic effect platelets

A

aggregation

23
Q

a2 sympathomimetic effect adrenergic nerve terminals

A

inhibits transmitter release

24
Q

a2 sympathomimetic effect vascular smooth muscle

A

vasodilation

25
Q

a2 sympathomimetic effect fat cells

A

inhibits lipolysis

26
Q

B1 sympathomimetic effect heart

A

inc. force and rate of contraction

27
Q

B2 sympathomimetic respiratory, uterine, vascular smooth muscle

A

muscle relaxation

28
Q

B2 sympathomimetic effect skeletal muscle

A

potassium uptake

29
Q

B2 sympathomimetic effect liver

A

activates glycogenolysis

30
Q

B3 sympathomimetic effect fat cells

A

activates lipolysis

31
Q

dopamine agonists

A

dopamine: D1 = D2&raquo_space; B&raquo_space; a

32
Q

D1 sympathomimetic effect smooth muscle

A

dilates renal blood vessels

33
Q

D2 sympathomimetic effect nerve endings

A

modulates transmitter release

34
Q

agonized cardiovascular effect

A

a1: vasoconstriction -> inc. BP
a2: vasodilation
B1: inc. CO -> inc. BP
B2: peripheral vasodilation -> dec. BP

35
Q

agonized ocular effect

A 
Vision accommodation 
- a1: mydriasis; pupil dilation 
Regulation of intraocular pressure
- a1, a2: inc. humoral outflow
- B1: inc. production of aqueous humor
36
Q

agonized respiratory effect

A

B2: dilate bronchioles
a1: dec. mucosal secretion -> decongestion

37
Q

agonized GI effects

A

a2, B2: smooth muscle relaxation -> dec. peristalsis

a2: dec. digestive secretions

38
Q

agonized GU effects

A

a1: contraction of urethral sphincter -> urinary continence
B2: relaxation -> dec. urinary output
a1: facilitates ejaculation
B2: uterus relaxation -> inhibits labor

39
Q

Epinephrine

A

direct-acting sympathomimetic: catecholamine

  • a1: vasoconstriction
  • B1: cardiac stimulation
  • B2: vasodilation
40
Q

Norepinephrine

A

direct-acting sympathomimetic: catecholamine

  • a1: vasoconstriction
  • B1: cardiac stimulation
41
Q

isoproterenol

A

derict-acting sympathomimetic: catecholamine

B1: cardiac stimulation

42
Q

dopamine

A

direct-acting sympathomimetic: catecholamine

  • D1/D2: renal vasodilation (lower dose)
  • B1: cardiac stimulation (middle dose)
  • A1: vasoconstriction (high dose)
43
Q

direct-acting sympathomimetics: non-catecholamine

A

not inactivated by COMT
longer duration of action
better access into brain

44
Q

direct- acting sympathomimetic: non-catecholamine: A2 agonist

A

clonidine: CNS receptors: dec. BP

ciliary receptors: dec. intraocular pressure

45
Q

indirect-active sympathomimetics

A

enhance release of catecholamines

Pharmacology (78 decks)

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