Module 2 immunology and eicosanoids

Question 1

innate immune system

Answer 1

first response
bacterial and parasitic infections
granulocytes, mast cells
antigen-presenting cells
- macrophages and dendritic

Question 2

granulocytes

Answer 2

neutrophil
eosinophil
basophil

Question 3

antigen presenting cells (APC)

Answer 3

phagocytosis of bacteria/parasite
-> antigen production
activation of adaptive immune system

Question 4

MHC II

Answer 4

Non-self antigen
APC
CD4+ T cell: bacteria

Question 5

MHC I

Answer 5

Self antigen

CD8+ T cell: viruses

Question 6

Adaptive immune system

Answer 6

specific response

generated: MHC protein, B or T cell

Question 7

humoral immunity

Answer 7

B cells

Question 8

cellular immunity

Answer 8

Tc cells: CD8: mediates cell death

Th cells: CD4: regulates cytokines, B cells

Question 9

Eicosanoids

Answer 9

involved in inflammation and cellular signaling

- prostaglandins, prostacyclins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes

Question 10

arachidonic acid

Answer 10

common precursor to eicosanoids

Question 11

COX pathway

Answer 11

from arachidonic acid to

• prostaglandins
• prostacyclin
• thromboxane

Question 12

lipoxygenase pathway

Answer 12

from arachidonic acid to

• lipoxins
• leukotrines

Question 13

prostacyclin

Answer 13

Endothelium:
vasodilation
inhibits platelet aggregation

Question 14

thromboxane

Answer 14

platelets:
vasoconstriction
platelet activation

Question 15

PGD2: isomerase

Answer 15

part of COX pathway
brain and mast cells
smooth muscle contraction
inhibits platelet aggregation

Question 16

PGF2: reductase

Answer 16

part of COX pathway
uterus and lung
smooth muscle contraction
bronchoconstriciton
abortion

Question 17

PGE2: isomerase

Answer 17

part of COX pathway
macrophages, mast cells
vasodilation
hyperalgesia
fever
diuresis
immunomodulation

Question 18

meds that work on COX1 and COX2

Answer 18

NSAID

COX2 inhibitors

Question 19

glucocorticoids and lipoxygenase pathway

Answer 19

can inhibit arachidonic acid production

Question 20

in lipoxygenase pathway arachidonic acid broken down into

Answer 20

leukotrienes:
LTA4: source of neutrophils
LTC4: source of mast cells, basophils, eosinophils

Question 21

Lipoxygenase pathway and neutrophil actions

Answer 21

Activation of neutrophil: 
- margination
- migration
- degranulation
- superoxide anion generation
- eicosanoid synthesis 
Plasma exudation

Question 22

lipoxygenase pathway and mast cells, basophils, eosinophils action

Answer 22

bronchoconstriction 
vasoconstriction 
dec. coronary blood flow
dec. cardiac contractility
plasma exudation

Question 23

Zileuton and FLAP inhibitors

Answer 23

inhibit 5-liopoxygenase
prevent the breakdown of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes in lipoxygenase pathway
-> no leukotriene activation

Question 24

adenosine and lipooxygenase pathway

Answer 24

works on LTA4 hydrolase to prevent activation of neutrophils

Question 25

zafirlukast and montelukast in lipoxygenase pathway

Answer 25

competitively antagonize LTD4
prevent activation of mast cells, basophils, eosinophils
-> prevents: 
- bronchoconstriction
- vasoconstriction 
- dec. coronary blood flow
- dec. cardiac contractility
plasma exudation