Lec 8 - Cytokines Flashcards
one cytokine acts on multiple cells and has multiple functions
pleiotropic
two cytokines have same function
redundant
sum is greater than parts
synergistic
one cytokine blocks function of another
antagonistic
ctyokines are generally not blank
stable
acts on the cell that secreted it
autocrine
acts on a nearby cell
paracrine
enters circulation and acts at distant site
endocrine
cytokiens are just really involved in blank of all different types of immunity and hematopoiesis
regulation
These cytokines are produced by mononuclear phagocytes, stimulate early responses to microbes. These are indicators of an inflammation.
regulate innate immunity
Produced by T cells during specific immune response. Regulate activation and differentiation of cells involved in T-dependent immune responses
regulate adaptive immunity
il2 regulates blank proliferation
t cell
il4 and ifn gamma regulates blank
isotype switching
Produced by bone marrow and thymic stroma, stimulate development of specific lineages of immune cells
regulate hematopoiesis
cytokine receptors are usually blank or blank
dimers, multimers
therapeutic approach to treat Rheumatoid Arthritis
Psoriasis
TNF inhibition
First found as growth factor for T cells, crucial step in allowing the study of T cells.
Plays a central role in T cell expansion and maintenance of T cell homeostasis
Critical for preventing autoimmunity
IL-2
IL-2Ralpha is the blank and is not required for signaling
affinity modulator
IL-2Rbeta is needed for blank
signaling
t cells that recognize antigen are stimulated by blank concentrations of IL-2
low
IL-2 kills blank t cells
activated
IL-2 blank the immune response
downregulates
without IL-2, we get severe blank diseases
autoimmune
This is considered to be the first, clear-cut example of successful gene therapy
gamma C
Most immune reactions are dominated by either populations and secrete different cytokines
Th1, Th2
develop when the activated T cell is exposed to IL-12 (usually from the APC, esp. dendritic cells)
Th1
develop when the activated T cell is exposed to IL-4 (from an unknown cellular source) (
Th2
Th 1 also increases cell mediated blank
cd8 killing
Th2 also increases the mediated blank
antibody killing
Secreted proteins that regulate cell movement and recruitment
chemokines
chemokines can be related in these
adhesion, shape changes, chemotaxis
