Lec 5-3 - Antimicrobial Agents

Question 1

ability to kill susceptible microbes

Answer 1

bactericidal

Question 2

ability to inhibit essential metabolic pathways and block the growth of the microbe

Answer 2

bacteriostatic

Question 3

minimum concentration required to inhibit bacteria growth

Answer 3

MIC

Question 4

minimum concentration to kill 99.9% bacteria

Answer 4

MBC

Question 5

method to find mic or mbc by serial dilution of antibiotics mixed with constant amount of inoculum

Answer 5

tube dilution

Question 6

the range of activity of each antibiotic

Answer 6

spectrum

Question 7

drug with more selectivity

Answer 7

narrow spectrum

Question 8

drug that reacts against a lot of bacteria types

Answer 8

broad spectrum

Question 9

this is when there is a lack of definite diagnosis so braod spectrum antibiotics are often used for treatment but can lead to resistance

Answer 9

empiric therapy

Question 10

therapy when a narrow spectrum is chosen

Answer 10

selective therapy

Question 11

effect when a bacteriostatic and bactericidal antbiotic interact and help each other

Answer 11

synergy

Question 12

effect when a bacteriostatic and bactericidal antibiotic are added together and slow each other down

Answer 12

antagonism

Question 13

beta lactam antibiotics attack blank of prokaryotes

Answer 13

cell wall (peptidoglycan)

Question 14

these play essential role in cell wall synthesis and are the target of penicillin

Answer 14

penicillin binding proteins

Question 15

these bind to 30s or 50s ribosomes and prevent subsequent protein synthesis

Answer 15

aminoglycosides

Question 16

these bind to 30s ribosome subunits and prevents tRNA from entering the acceptor sites on the ribosome

Answer 16

tetracyclines

Question 17

these bind to 23s rRNA in ribosome and block translocation strep in protein synthesis

Answer 17

macrolides

Question 18

these block action of peptidyl transferase and prevent peptide bond synthesis so it blocks the action of individual proteins

Answer 18

chloramphenicol

Question 19

these target dna gyrase or topoisomerase

Answer 19

quinolones/levofloxacin

Question 20

these target dna directly and also target healthy cells

Answer 20

metronidazole

Question 21

these target dna dependent rna polymerase

Answer 21

rifampin

Question 22

a target site for some antibiotics is to this because many bacteria synthesize it and is from PABA and glutamate

Answer 22

folic acid

Question 23

resistance present before contact with antibiotics

Answer 23

intrinsic

Question 24

resistance developed from exposure to antibiotics

Answer 24

acquired

Question 25

intrinsic resistance is a result of blank

Answer 25

point mutations

Question 26

acquired resistance is a result of blank

Answer 26

acquiring dna from different species

Question 27

a superbug is resistant to blank

Answer 27

multiple antibiotics

Question 28

major mechanisms of resistance

Answer 28

enzyme degradation, changing target, reduced permeability

Question 29

new antibiotic that nothing could develop resistance to

Answer 29

teixobactin

Question 30

teixobactin is most effective against blank bacteria

Answer 30

gram positive

Question 31

smaller MIC means blank antiobiotic

Answer 31

better (takes less to work)

Question 32

example of antibiotic resistance that is inactivated

Answer 32

beta lactam, aminoglycosides

Question 33

example of antibiotic resistance that is actively effluxed

Answer 33

tetracycline

Question 34

example of antibiotic resistance that has target modified

Answer 34

vancomycin