Lec 7 Humoral Immunity Flashcards
primary response has blank b cell activation, main isotype is blank, and the antigens are both thymic blank and blank
naive, IgM, dependent, independent
secondaryresponse has blank b cell activation, main isotype is blank, and the antigens are thymic blank
memory, IgG, dependent
progressive change in ig class of specific antibody
isotype switch
isotype switch is usually blank to blank
igM –> igG
isotype switching is dependent on blank cells
t
degree of blank is inversely related to dose of antigen and this is associated with igM to igG switch
affinity maturation
under low antigen conditions, b cells with blank affinity receptors for the antigen will bind it
high
for t dependent reaction of activating b cells these signals are needed
one from antigen, one from complement breakdown of antigens, one from helper t
B cell signals through receptor and co-receptor supplemented through T cell interactions and signals
t dependent
B cell signals through receptor and co-receptor amplified by multiple epitopes and more extensive surface immunoglobulin cross-linking
t independent
surface ig has a very short blank tail so it cannot promote blank
cytoplasmic, signals
2 signaling molecules that carry out signals through motifs on their tails
IgAlpha, IgBeta
Most receptors trigger signaling by blank of existing signaling molecules
post translational modification
blank are central as it relates to signaling kinases
protein tyrosine kinases
Phosphorylation of receptor cytoplasmic tails serves to blank signaling molecules around the receptors
recruit
kinases transfer blank from high energy containing compound such as ATP to a blank
phosphates, substrate
Signaling molecules have domains that bind to blank and surrounding protein sequences
phosphotyrosine
in the b cell receptor, blank leads to activation of several blank and these phosphorylate blank on the ITAM motifs
antigen cross linking, tyrosine kinases, igAlpha/igBeta
b cell activation takes place in germinal centers in blank or blank
spleen, lymph nodes
follicular dendritic cells are no blank and keep antigens intact for presentation
phagocytic
some b cells undergo rapid division and produce blank
igM
R: a functional response to a T cell dependent antigen B cell response requires BCR and B cell co-receptor activation + T cell Help in the form of cytokines
alright
R: Responses to repetitive blank can cause extensive crosslinking and can allow a T independent response
carbohydrates
R: B cells with blank affinity Ag receptors are selected for survival
high
R: During passage through germinal centers, B cells express the survival gene blank
bcl-2
R: Cells with high affinity blank are saved from apoptosis by ligation of bcl-2; all others die
igG
R: memory b cells are usually activated by very low amounts of blank
antigen
memory b cells are posibly modulated by blank to develop from precursors to memory cells
cytokines
primary response is blank than secondary
slower lower
igAlpha and igBeta are transmembrane signaling molecules associated with surface blank
igM
