Lec 4-3 - Bacterial Growth / Energy Metabolism

Question 1

asexual reproduction of bacteria where they divide into two identical daughter cells

Answer 1

binary fission

Question 2

incomplete septation during binary fission results in these shapes

Answer 2

strep, staph

Question 3

normal pattern of bacterial growth in nature is not perfectly blank

Answer 3

exponential

Question 4

phases of bacteria growth

Answer 4

lag, log, stationary, death

Question 5

phase is usually due to adaptation to growth media and and is when cells are growing in volume

Answer 5

lag

Question 6

phase of exponential growth at a constant rate

Answer 6

log phase

Question 7

phase where equal number of cells are dying and equal number are dividing so population stays about the same

Answer 7

stationary phase

Question 8

phase when cells die from toxic metabolites or starve

Answer 8

death phase

Question 9

some bacteria can go into a blank state without food

Answer 9

dormant

Question 10

how bacteria grow in nature and are held together by a 3 dimensional structure held together by extracellular polymeric substances

Answer 10

biofilms

Question 11

dormant, tough, temporarily non reproductive structure

Answer 11

endospores

Question 12

only way to kill endospores

Answer 12

autoclaving

Question 13

elements required by bacteria in large amounts

Answer 13

macronutrients

Question 14

elements required by bacteria in trace amounts like vitamins and minerals

Answer 14

micronutrients

Question 15

bacteria capable of deriving all nutrient requirements from sources in a mixture of macro and micronutrients

Answer 15

prototroph

Question 16

bacteria having complex and specialized nutrient requirements

Answer 16

fastidious bacteria

Question 17

bacteria that need oxygen

Answer 17

obligate aerobe

Question 18

bacteria that have optimal growth at low oxygen concentration

Answer 18

microaerophile

Question 19

bacteria that grow in presence or absence of oxygen

Answer 19

facultative anaerobe

Question 20

bacteria that grow only in absence of oxygen

Answer 20

obligat anaerobe

Question 21

growth medium with undefined mix of nutrients with excess components for growth

Answer 21

complex growth medium

Question 22

growth medium with a defined composition of nutrients with no or trace amounts of unknown components

Answer 22

defined growth medium

Question 23

respiration where pyruvate is turned into inorganic compounds

Answer 23

anaerobic

Question 24

respiration where pyruvate is turned into most energy and co2 and water

Answer 24

aerobic

Question 25

respiration where pyruvate is turned into the least energy and organic products

Answer 25

fermentation

Question 26

sum of chemical reactions in organism

Answer 26

metabolism

Question 27

reactions that break organic compounds into simpler ones

Answer 27

catabolic reactions

Question 28

reactions that build complex molecules from simple ones

Answer 28

anabolic reactions

Question 29

this is when the end product of a metabolic pathway serves as a noncompetitive inhibitor of an enzyme early in the pathway

Answer 29

feedback inhibition

Question 30

a polycistronic transcription unit containing a series of genes whose expression is coordinated by a single operator

Answer 30

operon

Question 31

a set of unlinked but related operons or genes controlled by a single regulator

Answer 31

regulon

Question 32

a set of unlinked operons and regulons controlled by higher order regulation of the transcription machinery usually directed at altering the global physiological state of the cell

Answer 32

modulon

Question 33

enzymes are coded by blank

Answer 33

genes