Lec 3-3 - Bacteria Structure / Function Flashcards
guy who discovered bacteria
leeuwenhoek
bacteria size
.2 micrometer diameter
bacteria is blank compared to virus
larger
spherical bacteria
coccus
rod bacteria
bacillus
spiral bacteria
spirilla/spirochete
intermediate shaped bacteria
coccobacillus, vibrio
pair of cocci
diplococcus
chain of cocci
streptococcus
large cluster of cocci
staphylococcus
gram positive stains blank
blackish dark
gram negative stains blank
red (safranin)
bacteria not stained by gram stain does not have a blank
cell wall
stain that can be used to stain bacteria without cell wall
acid fast
strep mutans is blank
gram positive
mycoplasma does not have a cell wall and stains with blank
fluorochrome
bacteria has one circular chromosome dna called a blank
nucleoid
this might be involved in chromosome dna separation but ultimately has an unknown function
mesosome
blank form bacteria do not have cell walls
L
four things needed for viability
cell wall, membrane, ribosomes, nucleoid
these are for energy storage
storage granules
these are for adherence, secretion
pili, fimbriae
these are for motility/chemotaxis
flagella
this is for antiphagocytosis and adherence
capsule
cell membrane of bacteria do not have blank
sterol
only two bacteria that have sterol
mycoplasma, bacteria that cause lime disease
percent of cell membrane that is proteins
70%
cell membrane is important as a blank barrier, a blank of nutrients, and a producer of blank
osmotic, transporter, energy
cell wall is made mostly out of blank and is unique to bacteria
peptidoglycan
peptidoglycan in the cell walls is the target of blank
penicillin
cell wall prevents osmotic blnk
lysis
bacteria has blank in the cell wall that prevents cleavage by peptase
DAP
gram positive have a very blank cell wall
thick
gram positive uses blank for its cell wall instead of blank
L-Lysine, DAP
both gram positive and negative use blank in its cell wall
D-alanine
these are usually electrically charged and are for gram positive (not gram negative) adherence to host cell
teichoic acid
gram positive have blank cell membranes
1
gram negative have blank cell membranes
2
gram blank is less sensitive to antibodies because of cell membranes
negative
space between outer and inner membrane that only gram negative has
periplasmic space
gram negative has this which gram positive does not
LPS
LPS is toxic and can cause fever and blank
shock
three components of lps
lipid a (toxic part), core polysaccharide, o antigen (glycan polymer)
o antigen varies between species and strains like blank
antigenic determinants
lps remains blank even if the bacteria is dead
immunoactive
thick polysaccharide attached to cell wall or membrane
capsule
thin polysaccharide attached to cell wall or outer membrane
slime layer
capsule is hydrophilic and does not blank
stain
how to stain bacteria with capsule
negative stain
pili for adhesion and sticking to host
common
pili for exchange between gram negative bacteria
sex pili
three parts of flagella
basal body (innermost), hook, filament (propeller)
three rings of flagella
MS, P, L
this causes the mechanic force of flagella
proton gradient