Human diseases L9: Respiratory medicine 3 COPD

Question 1

Q8: what is about the mucous that leads to COPD patients having frequent infections?

Answer 1

The mucous is stagnant. In a healthy person mucous moves up along the trachea where it is coughed out, someone suffering from COPD the movement of mucus is persistently slow, allowing enough time for harmful agents to overcome immune system.

Question 2

Q20: when would someone fit the criteria for home oxygen?

Answer 2

If they are chronically hypoxic.

Question 3

Q18: what do mucolytics do?

Answer 3

Mucolytics makes peoples mucus secretions thinner.

Question 4

Q1: airway obstruction that is not fully reversible is known as?

Answer 4

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Question 5

Q25: how would you manage someone with acute exacerbation of COPD in a dental practice?

Answer 5

ABCDE approach,

sit the patient up,

salbutamol 2 puffs via spacer or nebulised 5mg,

cautious oxygen delivery to maintain saturation 88-92%

Question 7

Q14: how does LAMA work?

Answer 7

LAMA works by binding to the M3 muscarinic receptors which in turn blocks the bronchoconstriction effect of acetylcholine

Question 8

Q9: the three factors in place for COPD management are?

Answer 8

Smoking cessation, pulmonary rehabilitation, and vaccination.

Question 9

Q11: what does SABA abbreviate?

Answer 9

Short acting beta agonist

Question 10

Q15: when inhaled medication of LAMA or LABA is not sufficient to manage the symptoms of COPD, what is the next stage in medication management?

Answer 10

Patient would be given an inhaler (ellipta inhaler) which contains both LAMA and LABA.

Question 11

Q13: patients suffering from COPD who do not respond well to SABA are then moved up to what inhaled meds?

Answer 11

Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) or Long acting beta-agonist (LABA).

Question 12

Q5 sometimes people with COPD have severe episodes of breathlessness this is known as?

Answer 12

Exacerbations.

Question 13

Q7: the wheeze that is present in COPD patients is that consistently there or comes and go’s?

Answer 13

it is consistently there.

Question 14

Q6: COPD symptoms such as breathlessness is usually liked to what?

Answer 14

Breathlessness

Question 15

Q16: if the combination of LAMA and LABA theory is not affective, what final medication is combined with these two, to manage symptoms?

Answer 15

inhaled corticosteroid.

Question 16

Q3: in COPD, inflammation causes permanent damage to the airways and air sacs of the lungs. What happens to the airways in someone with COPD?

Answer 16

The airways become inflamed, swollen and filled with mucus, obstructing the flow of air.

Question 17

Q4: in COPD, inflammation causes permanent damage to the airways and air sacs of the lungs. What happens to the air sacs in someone with COPD?

Answer 17

The air sacs lose their structure and elasticity so they can’t fill and empty as easily, making the exchange between oxygen and CO2 difficult.

Question 18

Q14: how do LABA work?

Answer 18

LABA works by relaxing the muscles of the airway and keeps the muscles from getting too tight.

Question 19

Q19: COPD patients suffering from chronic hypoxia, will require what at home to manage symptoms?

Answer 19

oxygen tank

Question 20

Q24: what are the two drugs that fall in the ICS category?

Answer 20

Beclomethasone, fluticasone

Question 21

Q23: what are the three drugs that fall in the LAMA category?

Answer 21

Tiotropium, glycopyrronium, aclidinium

Question 22

Q17: why would corticosteroids help relieve symptoms of COPD?

Answer 22

COPD is an inflammatory condition; the corticosteroids will help relive that.

Question 23

Q10: giving vaccinations to COPD reduces the chances of what?

Answer 23

Reduces chance of flu and pneumococcal infection.

Question 24

Q12: what are short acting beta agonist drugs used for?

Answer 24

SABA are typically used as recue medications to provide quick relieve of asthma symptoms.

Question 25

Q21: what are the two drugs that fall in the SABA category?

Answer 25

Salbutamol and terbutaline

Question 26

Q2: what is the most common cause of COPD?

Answer 26

Smoking

Question 27

Q22: what are the three drugs that fall in the LABA category?

Answer 27

Formoterol, salmeterol, vilanterol