Human diseases L9: Respiratory medicine 3 COPD Flashcards
Q8: what is about the mucous that leads to COPD patients having frequent infections?
The mucous is stagnant. In a healthy person mucous moves up along the trachea where it is coughed out, someone suffering from COPD the movement of mucus is persistently slow, allowing enough time for harmful agents to overcome immune system.
Q20: when would someone fit the criteria for home oxygen?
If they are chronically hypoxic.
Q18: what do mucolytics do?
Mucolytics makes peoples mucus secretions thinner.
Q1: airway obstruction that is not fully reversible is known as?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Q25: how would you manage someone with acute exacerbation of COPD in a dental practice?
ABCDE approach,
sit the patient up,
salbutamol 2 puffs via spacer or nebulised 5mg,
cautious oxygen delivery to maintain saturation 88-92%
Q14: how does LAMA work?
LAMA works by binding to the M3 muscarinic receptors which in turn blocks the bronchoconstriction effect of acetylcholine
Q9: the three factors in place for COPD management are?
Smoking cessation, pulmonary rehabilitation, and vaccination.
Q11: what does SABA abbreviate?
Short acting beta agonist
Q15: when inhaled medication of LAMA or LABA is not sufficient to manage the symptoms of COPD, what is the next stage in medication management?
Patient would be given an inhaler (ellipta inhaler) which contains both LAMA and LABA.
Q13: patients suffering from COPD who do not respond well to SABA are then moved up to what inhaled meds?
Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) or Long acting beta-agonist (LABA).
Q5 sometimes people with COPD have severe episodes of breathlessness this is known as?
Exacerbations.
Q7: the wheeze that is present in COPD patients is that consistently there or comes and go’s?
it is consistently there.
Q6: COPD symptoms such as breathlessness is usually liked to what?
Breathlessness
Q16: if the combination of LAMA and LABA theory is not affective, what final medication is combined with these two, to manage symptoms?
inhaled corticosteroid.
Q3: in COPD, inflammation causes permanent damage to the airways and air sacs of the lungs. What happens to the airways in someone with COPD?
The airways become inflamed, swollen and filled with mucus, obstructing the flow of air.
Q4: in COPD, inflammation causes permanent damage to the airways and air sacs of the lungs. What happens to the air sacs in someone with COPD?
The air sacs lose their structure and elasticity so they can’t fill and empty as easily, making the exchange between oxygen and CO2 difficult.
Q14: how do LABA work?
LABA works by relaxing the muscles of the airway and keeps the muscles from getting too tight.
Q19: COPD patients suffering from chronic hypoxia, will require what at home to manage symptoms?
oxygen tank
Q24: what are the two drugs that fall in the ICS category?
Beclomethasone, fluticasone
Q23: what are the three drugs that fall in the LAMA category?
Tiotropium, glycopyrronium, aclidinium
Q17: why would corticosteroids help relieve symptoms of COPD?
COPD is an inflammatory condition; the corticosteroids will help relive that.
Q10: giving vaccinations to COPD reduces the chances of what?
Reduces chance of flu and pneumococcal infection.
Q12: what are short acting beta agonist drugs used for?
SABA are typically used as recue medications to provide quick relieve of asthma symptoms.
Q21: what are the two drugs that fall in the SABA category?
Salbutamol and terbutaline
Q2: what is the most common cause of COPD?
Smoking
Q22: what are the three drugs that fall in the LABA category?
Formoterol, salmeterol, vilanterol
