Development L5 - Gene expression and regulation

Question 1

the central dogma states that, the total DNA in each cell constitues the genome. The genome carries the genetic information required for making the?

cells

organs

whole organsism

tissue

Answer 1

whole organism

Question 2

which type of RNA carries out this particular function: transports amino acids during protein synthesis

mRNA

rRNA

tRNA

snRNA

Answer 2

tRNA

Question 3

AUG = a stop or start codon

Answer 3

start codon

Question 4

what is the name given to the proteins that bind with the DNA to form a chromatin

Answer 4

histones

Question 5

a sequence of how many nucleotide form a unit of genetic code in DNA or RNA (codon)

Answer 5

a sequence of 3 nucleotides

Question 6

how many strands would you expect to find in RNA

Answer 6

single strand

Question 7

the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself is known as what?

Answer 7

Epigenetics

Question 8

RNA to protein involves the conversion of nucleotide to amino acid, this is an example of

transcription or translation

Answer 8

translation

Question 9

for chromosomes to fit in the cell nucleus they must be condensed by how much?

Answer 9

8000X

Question 10

modification of DNA that switch specific gene expression on/off is known as what

Answer 10

epigenetic mechanisms

Question 11

Eukaryotic DNA is arranged in segments called what

Answer 11

chromosomes

Question 12

which type of RNA carries out this particular function: processes initial mRNA to mature from

mRNA

rRNA

tRNA

snRNA

Answer 12

snRNA

Question 13

UAG = a stop or start codon

Answer 13

stop

Question 14

histones have a charge, what is the charge and how is this important when it binds with DNA?

Answer 14

histones have a positive charge through their basic amino acids (lysine and arginine)

the positive charge enables histones to interact with the negativity charged DNA - due to the phosphate group.

Question 15

DNA has 4 bases which base compliments Thymine

Answer 15

Adenine

Question 16

DNA and protein are complexed together to form a what

Answer 16

chromatin

Question 17

which type of RNA carries out this particular function: carries the code which is translated to make protein

mRNA

rRNA

tRNA

snRNA

Answer 17

mRNA

Question 18

there are 5 classes of histones what are they

Answer 18

H1

H2A

H2B

H3

H4

Question 19

RNA has 4 bases what are they

Answer 19

Adenine

Uracil - replaces thymine

Cytosine

Guanine

Question 21

DNA has 4 bases which base compliments Guanine

Answer 21

Cytosine

Question 22

DNA has 4 bases what are they

Answer 22

GUanine

Cytosine

Thymine

Adenine

Question 23

DNA nucleotide information is transmitted via an intermediate which produces the amino acid, polypeptide chains and proteins. what is this intermediate

Answer 23

RNA

Question 24

during transcription DNA is unwinded, the strands are numbered 3 and 5

when strand 3 is convereted to 5

is that strnad being used as a template or a new strand

Answer 24

template

3-5 = template

5-3 = new strand

Question 25

promoters are DNA sequences which “tell” RNA polymerase where to start transcription and which DNA strand to transcribe.

promotors bind on to which protein

Answer 25

Transcription factors

Question 26

which type of RNA carries out this particular function: combines with proteins to make ribosomes, where proteins are synthesised?

mRNA

rRNA

tRNA

snRNA

Answer 26

rRNA

Question 27

DNA to RNA involves nucleotide to nucleotide is an example of?

Translation or Transcription

Answer 27

Transcription

Question 28

where woud the information required to create a whole organism be kept?

Answer 28

nucleotide sequence of the genome

Question 29

production of amino acids, sequences of polypeptide chains and proteins are determined from what?

DNA nuceotide sequence

Genome

DNA

Chormosomes

Chromatids

Answer 29

DNA nucleotide sequence