Development L5 - Gene expression and regulation Flashcards

1
Q

the central dogma states that, the total DNA in each cell constitues the genome. The genome carries the genetic information required for making the?

cells

organs

whole organsism

tissue

A

whole organism

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2
Q

which type of RNA carries out this particular function: transports amino acids during protein synthesis

mRNA

rRNA

tRNA

snRNA

A

tRNA

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3
Q

AUG = a stop or start codon

A

start codon

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4
Q

what is the name given to the proteins that bind with the DNA to form a chromatin

A

histones

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5
Q

a sequence of how many nucleotide form a unit of genetic code in DNA or RNA (codon)

A

a sequence of 3 nucleotides

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6
Q

how many strands would you expect to find in RNA

A

single strand

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7
Q

the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself is known as what?

A

Epigenetics

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8
Q

RNA to protein involves the conversion of nucleotide to amino acid, this is an example of

transcription or translation

A

translation

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9
Q

for chromosomes to fit in the cell nucleus they must be condensed by how much?

A

8000X

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10
Q

modification of DNA that switch specific gene expression on/off is known as what

A

epigenetic mechanisms

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11
Q

Eukaryotic DNA is arranged in segments called what

A

chromosomes

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12
Q

which type of RNA carries out this particular function: processes initial mRNA to mature from

mRNA

rRNA

tRNA

snRNA

A

snRNA

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13
Q

UAG = a stop or start codon

A

stop

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14
Q

histones have a charge, what is the charge and how is this important when it binds with DNA?

A

histones have a positive charge through their basic amino acids (lysine and arginine)

the positive charge enables histones to interact with the negativity charged DNA - due to the phosphate group.

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15
Q

DNA has 4 bases which base compliments Thymine

A

Adenine

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16
Q

DNA and protein are complexed together to form a what

A

chromatin

17
Q

which type of RNA carries out this particular function: carries the code which is translated to make protein

mRNA

rRNA

tRNA

snRNA

A

mRNA

18
Q

there are 5 classes of histones what are they

A

H1

H2A

H2B

H3

H4

19
Q

RNA has 4 bases what are they

A

Adenine

Uracil - replaces thymine

Cytosine

Guanine

20
Q
A
21
Q

DNA has 4 bases which base compliments Guanine

A

Cytosine

22
Q

DNA has 4 bases what are they

A

GUanine

Cytosine

Thymine

Adenine

23
Q

DNA nucleotide information is transmitted via an intermediate which produces the amino acid, polypeptide chains and proteins. what is this intermediate

A

RNA

24
Q

during transcription DNA is unwinded, the strands are numbered 3 and 5

when strand 3 is convereted to 5

is that strnad being used as a template or a new strand

A

template

3-5 = template

5-3 = new strand

25
Q

promoters are DNA sequences which “tell” RNA polymerase where to start transcription and which DNA strand to transcribe.

promotors bind on to which protein

A

Transcription factors

26
Q

which type of RNA carries out this particular function: combines with proteins to make ribosomes, where proteins are synthesised?

mRNA

rRNA

tRNA

snRNA

A

rRNA

27
Q

DNA to RNA involves nucleotide to nucleotide is an example of?

Translation or Transcription

A

Transcription

28
Q

where woud the information required to create a whole organism be kept?

A

nucleotide sequence of the genome

29
Q

production of amino acids, sequences of polypeptide chains and proteins are determined from what?

DNA nuceotide sequence

Genome

DNA

Chormosomes

Chromatids

A

DNA nucleotide sequence