Human disease L19: Neurology 6 movement disorders

Question 1

what are two common movement disorders we might see in dental patients

Answer 1

essential tremor

parkinson’s disease

tremor

Question 2

what is dopamine

Answer 2

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays several important roles in the brain and body.

It is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families. Dopamine constitutes about 80% of the catecholamine content in the brain.

Question 3

what is a ganglia

Answer 3

Ganglia are ovoid structures containing cell bodies of neurons and glial cells supported by connective tissue. Ganglia function like relay stations - one nerve enters and an other exits

Question 4

what is the basal ganglia

Answer 4

The “basal ganglia” refers to a group of subcortical nuclei responsible primarily for motor control, as well as other roles such as motor learning, executive functions and behaviors, and emotions. … Disruption of the basal ganglia network forms the basis for several movement disorders.

Question 5

what is the substantia nigra

Answer 5

The substantia nigra is a region in the midbrain that is considered part of the basal ganglia. It looks like a darkened streak in unstained brain tissue; this is where it gets its name, which is Latin for “black substance.”

this is where the dopamine neurones are concentrated

Question 6

what are the three clinical features of parkinson’s disease

Answer 6

bradykinesia - slow movement

rigidity - increased muscle tone

tremor - low frequency

Question 7

one of the clinical features of parkinsons disease is mask-like face

explain what is meant by this

Answer 7

people with parkinson’s disease have the same level of facial expression, because the facial muscles are affected, which give the impression they are wearing a mask.

Question 8

which type of dementia has more of a cognitive impairment compared to parkinsons

Answer 8

lewy body dementia

Question 9

the main stay treatment for parkinson’s disease is medical management .

what type of drugs in the management of parkinson’s disease

Answer 9

dopaminergic drugs

Question 10

how is essential tremor different to the tremor in parkinsons

Answer 10

essential tremor grets worse with action where as the tremor in parkinson gets better with action