4D 1.2 GI

Question 1

Q27 where are brunner’s glands located

Answer 1

Duodenum

Question 2

Q20 where are gastric pits located

Answer 2

Are located on the mucosa of the stomach. Gastric pits are lined with mucous cells

Question 3

Q22 what is the function of the chief and parietal cell

Answer 3

Chief cell – digestive enzyme secreting cell

Parietal cell – hydrochloric acid producing cell

Question 4

Q23 what is the function of the muscularis externa of the stomach

Answer 4

This layer aids the churning action of the stomach

Question 5

Q8 Keratins are a group of tough structural proteins found associated with which epithelia

Answer 5

stratified squamous epithelia

Question 6

Q7 where would you find masticatory mucosa located

Answer 6

Masticatory mucosa is found covering the hard palate and the part of the gingiva facing the oral cavity. The epithelium here is keratinized

Question 7

Q9 where would you find lining mucosa

Answer 7

Inside of lips

Buccal surfaces

Soft palate

Floor of the mouth

Epithelium here is not keratinized

Question 8

Q10 which papillae on the dorsum of the tongue is keratinized

Answer 8

Filiform papillae

Question 9

Q29 what is the function of the enterocytes

Answer 9

The most numerous cells, they are tall columnar cells with a brush border and are the principle absorptive cell

Question 10

Q4 what is the definition of a mucous membrane

Answer 10

an epithelial tissue which secretes mucus, and lines many body cavities and tubular organs including the gut and respiratory passage

Question 11

Q13 what two types of skeletal muscle is present in the tongue

Answer 11

Extrinsic and intrinsic skeletal muscle

Question 12

Q6 where is the lamina propria located.

Answer 12

is a thin layer of loose connective tissue, which lies beneath the epithelium, and together with the epithelium and basement membrane constitutes the mucosa membrane.

Question 13

Q12 the transition between parakeratinized epithelium and keratinized is distinguished by what

Answer 13

the presence flattened nuclei in the keratinized layer

Question 14

Q39 does the enteric nervous system receive input from the autonomic or the sympathetic nervous system.

Answer 14

Autonomic

Question 15

Q3 what are the three major muscle types within the body

Answer 15

Smooth

Striated

Cardiac

Question 16

Q33 what is the function of the stem cells

Answer 16

Found at the base of the crypts of Lieberkuhn, they divide to replenish epithelium

Question 17

Q2 what has a dynamic role in the development, growth and homeostasis of tissues, and, via fat, in energy storage.

Answer 17

Connective tissue

Question 18

Q40 What is the myenteric plexus

Answer 18

an interconnected network of fibres that controls gut motility

Question 19

Q36 where are peyer’s patches located

Answer 19

Located in the ileum. Location of aggregated lymphoid tissue

Question 20

Q34 what is the name of the partly digested semifluid the duodenum receives from the stomach

Answer 20

Chyme

Question 21

Q25 where are the crypts of lieberkuhn found.

Answer 21

Found in the small intestine, between bases of adjacent villi.

Question 22

Q31 what is the function of the Paneth cell

Answer 22

Found at the base of the crypts of Lieberkuhn, they have a defensive function

Question 23

Q19 where would you find an abrupt transition of stratified squamous to simple columnar epithelium.

Answer 23

Oesophagus to stomach

Question 24

Q30 what is the function of the goblet cell

Answer 24

Produce mucin to protect epithelium and lubricate passage of material

Question 25

Q28 which intestinal segment has tallest villi

Answer 25

Jejunum

Question 26

Q21 gastric glands are broken down to 3 parts, what are they.

Answer 26

Parietal cells Neck mucous cells Chief cells

Question 28

Q37 there are two types of cells in the large intestine and what are their functions

Answer 28

Absorptive cells: For removal of salts and thereby water. Goblet cells: For the secretion of mucus to lubricate the colon.

Question 29

Q32 what is the function of the neuroendocrine cell

Answer 29

Produce hormones that contribute to the control of secretion and motility

Question 30

Q14 which papillae does not have taste buds present

Answer 30

Filiform

Question 31

Q24 the transition from stomach mucosa to duodenal mucosa is presented how

Answer 31

The inner, circular layer of smooth muscle is markedly thickened to form the pyloric sphincter

Question 32

Q26 how long are the three segments of the small intestine

Answer 32

Duodenum 25cm long Jejunum 2m long Ileum 2.75m long

Question 33

Q11 name the 3 regions

Answer 33

Question 34

Q5 what are the three types of oral mucosa

Answer 34

lining mucosa and masticatory mucosa and specialized mucosa

Question 35

Q35 what is the function of brunner’s glands

Answer 35

Located in the duodenum, stimulated by presence of chyme. They produce a thin alkaline mucous to neutralise chyme.

Question 36

Q1 Nearly all tissues and organs are made up of combinations of these 4 types.

Answer 36

Epithelium Connective tissue Muscle Nervous tissue

Question 37

Q16 mucosal regions of the body are associated with aggregations of lymph tissue. Give examples of where they would be located

Answer 37

Palatine Lingual Pharyngeal tonsils

Question 38

Q18 what is being shown

Answer 38

Mucosal layer

Question 39

Q15 what are the three cell types of the taste bud

Answer 39

Sensory cells – microvilli present with receptors Supporting cells – help support and develop sensory cells Basal cells – act as a stem cell

Question 40

Q17 the architecture of the digestive tract is composed of 4 major layers (starting from the lumen and going out): what are they.

Answer 40

Mucosa (epithelium \> lamina propria \> smooth muscle) Submucosa Musularis externa Serosa or adventitia

Question 41

Q38 which is keratinized the rectum (1^st) or anal canal (2^nd)

Answer 41

Anal canal