Anatomy nasal cavities Flashcards
why do nasal cartilage require diffusion of nutrients from associated vasculature
they do not have their own vasculature
the ethmoid bone is broken down to how many sections
3 sections
- roof
- lateral wall
- septum
where would you find the cristi gali and the cribriform plate on the ethmoid bone
on the roof
the orbital plate
ethmoid air cells
superior concha
middle concha
are all located in which region of the ethmoid bone
the lateral wall of the ethmoid bone
the perpendicular plate and vomer are located where of the ethmoid plate
septum
which of the Le Fort Fractures can disrupt the cribriformform plate
Le Fort II and III
what is the complication of incurring a Le Fort fracture II and III
This increases the danger of infection spreading from the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses into the anterior cranial fossa
why would a septal haematoma cause necrosis of the septal hyaline cartilage
a septal haematoma eliminates the ability of the diffusion of nutrients to the septal hyaline cartilage, along with oxgygenated blood. this slowly causes necrosis of the cartilage
how would you treat a septal haematoma
the septal haematoma would be incised and drained to prevent the avascular necrosis
where would expect to find keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
1
where would you epect to find respiratory epithelium
2
where would you expect to find olfactory mucosa
3
which epithelieum of the nasal cavity would contain goblet cells and cillia
respiratory epithelium
where would you expect to find first order neurones of the olfactory nerve
the receptor cells located in the olfactory mucosa
where would presynaptic neurones of the receptor cells synapse to
to the olfactory bulb, which is a ganglion
which order neurones travel to the temporal lobe
2nd order neurones leave the olfactory bulb as postsynaptic
which division of the trigeminal nerve supplies somatic sensory, anteriosuperiorly in the nasal cavity
the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1)
which division of the trigeminal nerve supplies somatic sensory, posterioinferiorly in the nasal cavity
the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V2)
the nasal region is supplied blood by both internal and external carotid arteries
what are the external arteries that supply to that region
facial artery
maxillary artery
the nasal region is supplied blood by both internal and external carotid arteries
which internal artery supplies to that region
opthalmic artery
The ophthalmic artery supplies the nasal cavity via the
anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries
the maxillary artery branches off to form which arteries to supply the nasal cavity
the sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries
the facial artery branches off to form which arteries
the lateral nasal branch of facial or septal branch of superior labial artery.
what is kiesselbach’s area
This little area is an anastomosis on the nasal septum
a common site for nosebleeds (epistaxis)
which of the three nasal conchae is not within the ethmoid region
inferior conchae
what role do the conchae play
The conchae play an import role in providing for rapid warming and humidification of air as it passes to the lungs.
what is the name of the space available under the conchae
meatuses
paranasal sinuses are air filled spaces within the bones.
there are four paranasal sinuses present what are they
x2 frontal sinuses
x2 ethmoidal sinuses
x2 maxillary sinuses
1/2 sphenoidal sinuses
what are the function of the paranasal sinuses
Functions of these paranasal sinuses is to drain the accumulation of mucous in to the nasal cavities via ostia (holes in the sinuses) in the lateral walls of the nasal cavities
what is an ostia
holes in the sinuses (lateral walls of the nasal cavities)
the frontal sinus drains in to which meatus
middle meatus
the ethmoidal aircells drain into which meatuses
The ethmoidal air cells drain into the superior and middle meatuses
where does the sphenoethmoidal sinus drain into
drains in to the sphenoethmoidal recess
the maxillary sinus drains in to which meatus
the middle meatus
the lacrimal gland produces tears in response to stimuli.
where are these tears collected and where do they go
the tears are collected in the lacrimal duct and travel to inferiorly to the inferior meatus via the nasolacrimal duct.
what effect does infection, allergy and autoimmune diseases have on the paranasal mucosa
causes inflammation of the mucosa
which nerve provide the painful sensation of sinusitis
CN V1 andV2
out of the paranasal cavities which cavity is predisposed to increased inflammation
maxillary sinusitis
due to maxillary sinus ostia being located superiorly in the medial wall of the sinus compared to the floor
this dosent allow sufficient drainage of the mucous
what risk does a maxillary molar extraction pose
extraction of a tooth may result in an oro-antral fistula (a channel from sinus to oral cavity)
how would you resolve a a persistent oro-antral fistula (incomplete healing)
surgically closing it
how can dental abscess cause sinus infection
the roots of the upper teeth can spread the infection of a dental abscess into the antrum (a cavity)
why do maxillary sinusitis may present as “toothache” of an upper or lower tooth
due to the common sensory nerve supply from CN V of:
- the maxilla/mandible
- the antral mucosa
- all the teeth
- this is an example of referred pain
