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5th year final - all cards combined > Endodontics L6: Endodontic materials > Flashcards

Endodontics L6: Endodontic materials Flashcards

1
Q

Q21: what is the name of this type of file?

A

hedstroem file.

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2
Q

Q19: what is the name of this tip and which file is it found on?

A

Batt tip and found on flexofile.

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3
Q

Q15: what type of file is this?

A

Barbed broach file

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4
Q

Q6: working blades begins at the tip and extends 16mm along the shaft, what is the number given to the tip at the start of the working blade, and what is the number given at the end of the working blade?

A

D0 is the tip, D16 is the working blade (16x2)/100 = 0.32mm

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5
Q

Q2: endodontic hand instruments go up in increments by units of 5 from 10 to what?

A

60

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6
Q

Q25: Nickel titanium files are known to be super elasticity and can be strained more than other alloys without permanent deformation. How does this benefit root canal treatment?

A

The super elasticity feature allows Ni Ti files to be placed in curved canals with less lateral forces.

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7
Q

Q45: what are the 4 requirements of a interappointment disinfectant?

A
  1. Long lasting disinfectant action
  2. Non-irritating to periradicular tissues
  3. No systemic effect
  4. Not damaging to the tooth surface or restorative material
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8
Q

Q50: mineralised tissues are normally protected by predentine and odontoblasts in the ROOT CANAL and by precementum and cementoblasts on the ROOT SURFACE. If predentine and precementum becomes mineralised or mechanically damaged what does it lead to?

A

Multinucleated cells would colonise, and resorption ensues.

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9
Q

Q23: when would hedstroem files be used these days?

A

Used in retreatment cases to help remove gutta-percha or an overfilling of the root canal.

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10
Q

Q39: what are the advantages of having a large taper (6%)?

A

Helps achieve optimum obturation. Greater taper allows more effective disinfection of the canal system.

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11
Q

Q41: what is the material of choice used as antimicrobial agent, for interappointment medicaments?

A

Non-setting calcium hydroxide.

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12
Q

Q56: what are the ideal technical properties obturating materials must have?

A

No shrinkage,

no solubility in tissue fluids,

good adhesion/adaptation to dentine,

no water absorption,

no tooth discolouration.

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13
Q

Q18: hand instruments are especially useful at the early phase of instrumentation to establish a ……………. Prior to using rotary instruments.

A
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14
Q

Q9: the active/cutting length of the file is usually how long?

A

16mm

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15
Q

Q37: Complete the tip size for the ProTaper gold files; F1, F2, F3, F4, F5.

A

F1 = 20 (0.20mm),

F2 = 25 (0.25mm),

F3 = 30 (0.30mm),

F4 = 40 (0.40mm),

F5 = 50 (0.50mm).

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16
Q

Q8: what does taper mean?

A

To get smaller and smaller

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17
Q

Q26: what is the percentage composition of each element in Ni Ti?

A

56% Nickel 44% Titanium

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18
Q

Q4: what does each size of the endodontic files represent?

A

Each size represents the diameter of the tip of the instrument (10 = 10/100 or 0.1mm)

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19
Q

Q55: using mineral trioxide aggregate to form a an apical plug, how long should this apical plug be?

A

4-5mm.

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20
Q

Q3: after the endodontic hand instruments reach the measurement of 60, how much does the files increase by and to what measurement?

A

Increase by units of 10 until it reaches 150 (1.5mm)

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21
Q

Q17: barbed broaches can be used for anterior teeth, which roots can they not be used for?

A

Narrow, curved canal.

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22
Q

Q27: what makes Ni Ti unique?

A

It has shape memory

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23
Q

hedstroem files are very stiff and can only be used in which type of movement?

A

Up and down motion?

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24
Q

Q46: would phenolic compounds be used as a medicament for modern endodontic treatment?

A

No, these are highly toxic to vital tissue, vapour realising, and possibly carcinogenic.

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25
Q

Q59: disadvantage of gutta percha is that it cannot be sterilised by heat, how would you sterilize before using?

A

Places cones in sodium hypochlorite for 1 minute.

26
Q

Q33: protaper gold files are available in which three lengths?

A

21, 25, 31 mm

27
Q

Q24: what must rotary nickel titanium file never be used in?

A

a slow speed hand piece.

28
Q

Q32: Austenitic Ni Ti has the capability of spring-back, how does martensitic Ni Ti differ?

A

Martensitic Ni Ti has a controlled memory effect.

29
Q

Q22: the file of a hedstroem cuts when in which direction?

A

Coronal

30
Q

Q61: name the desired properties for sealers;

A

bacteria tight seal,

no shrinkage with setting,

slow setting time,

bacteriostatic,

lubricant,

adhere to dentine,

radiopaque.

31
Q

Q31: how does a ProTaper hand file differ to a ProFile in reference to its taper?

A

ProFile has a constant taper, whereas Protaper has variable taper

32
Q

Q36: the ProTaper gold instruments have shaping and finishing files, how many do each category have?

A

Shaping files x3, finishing file x5.

33
Q

Q29: what form is Ni Ti when stress is applied to it?

A

Martensite

34
Q

Q49: discharge present in the canal at each opening is best described as a?

A

weeping canal

35
Q

Q12: what is advantage of stainless-steel hand files?

A

Do not readily corrode, rust, or stain.

36
Q

Q7: what is the tip angle of the endodontic file?

A

75 degrees +/- 15 degrees

37
Q

Q57: what are the ideal biological properties obturating materials must have?

A

No allergy to patient/staff,

no irritation to local tissue,

sterile,

antimicrobial,

stimulate periradicular healing

38
Q

Q51: which medicament reduces osteoclastic activity and stimulates repair?

A

Calcium hydroxide.

39
Q

Q53: how would you treat internal resorption if it hasn’t perforated?

A

Extirpate pulp, dress CaOH, obturate with warm gutta-percha.

40
Q

Q42: what is the name given to the version of calcium hydroxide that sets?

A

Dycal

41
Q

Q47: which material is used for pulp capping?

A

Calcium hydroxide (SETTING) known as dycal.

42
Q

Q1: endodontic hand instruments are manufactured in either what material?

A

Stainless steel or nickel titanium

43
Q

Q10: what is the taper for conventional stainless-steel endodontic files?

A

The taper is 0.02 or 2%, which means that every 1 mm towards the shank the diameter of the file increases by 0.02

44
Q

Q43: what is the purpose of using inter-appointment disinfectant?

A

To reduce and prevent multiplication of microorganisms that remain following careful cleaning and shaping. And to prevent reinfection through coronal or apical leakage.

45
Q

Q11: what are the three lengths available for the files?

A

21, 25 or 31mm

46
Q

Q52: internal resorption occurs as a result of what?

A

Chronic pulpitis

47
Q

Q30: ProFiles had passive cutting radial lands, fixed tapers when using it to access root canals, what risk did it possess? H

A

igh risk of taper lock

48
Q

Q58: what are the ideal handling properties obturating materials must have?

A

Radiopaque, sets in adequate time, easy to apply and remove using heat, solvents or mechanical instrumentation.

49
Q

Q34: the cutting length of all files is 16mm with the exception of which file?

A

ProTaper gold SX file.

50
Q

Q5: what is the diameter of the purple endodontic file?

A

0.1 mm

51
Q

Q60: gutta-percha itself, no matter how well adapted to the canal walls will not create a seal, what must be done to create a seal, and what is the ratio between gutta-percha and seal?

A

A sealer must be used in order to create a seal. The aim should be to used maximum gutta-percha and minimum sealer.

52
Q

Q28: what form is Ni Ti in at when no stress is applied?

A

austenite formation

53
Q

Q48: what is apexification?

A

Is a procedure where a dentist creates a calcified barrier to form across the open apex of an immature root

54
Q

Q35: why does the ProTaper gold SX have a cutting length of less than 16mm?

A

it is only used for coronal flaring (removing coronal tooth structure)

55
Q

Q13: what is the disadvantage of stainless-steel hand files?

A

Poor flexibility, which can lead to many procedural errors during canal shaping.

56
Q

Q20: how does the balanced force technique work, with the hand instruments.

A

Insert file until resistance is felt, rotate 60 degree clockwise, rotate 360 degrees anti clock wise, with light apical pressure, ensure file is kept steady with no in out movement.

57
Q
A
58
Q

Q16: what would barbed broaches be used for?

A

Only used for removing pulpal tissue when present.

59
Q

Q54: how would you treat internal resorption if it has been perforated?

A

defect must ne sealed, surgically if accessible, or intracanal using MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate).

60
Q

Q40: it is common practice to clean and shape a root canal at the first visit, and then to fill the canals and complete restoration in the next visit. What must the dentist give to the patient after the first visit?

A

Dentist must use interappointment medicaments. These are antimicrobial agents.

61
Q

Q14: what type of file is this?

A

Flexofile

5th year final - all cards combined (174 decks)

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