4D 2.2 Anatomy of the skull Flashcards
1
Q
Q35. Annotate the nasal cavity
A
2
Q
Q104. Name the marked feature
A
Condylar process
3
Q
Q65. Name the marked feature
A
Temporal lines
4
Q
Q83. What vein passes through the foramen cecum?
A
The emissary veins: connect the extracranial venous system with the intracranial venous sinuses.
5
Q
Q20. Name the structure of the skull.
A
6
Q
Q34. What is highlighted?
A
Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
7
Q
Q109. Name the marked feature
A
Body of mandible
8
Q
Q8. The skull can be subdivided in two parts, what are they?
A
Neurocranium and Viscerocranium
9
Q
Q38. Name the bones
A
10
Q
Q11. The hyoid and larynx are part of the thorax, true or false?
A
False they are part of the Viscerocranium.
11
Q
Q45. Name the suture
A
lambdoid suture
12
Q
Q3-Q7. Skulls are viewed from 5 standard perspective using FH. What is this perspective?
A
norma basalis
13
Q
Q86. Which nerves passes through the superior orbital fissure
A
Oculomotor nerve (CNIII) - This nerve is responsible for eyeball and eyelid movement
Trochlear nerve (CNIV) - The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve, and it controls the superior oblique muscle of the eye
Ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (CNV1) - It provides sensory innervation to the skin, mucous membranes and sinuses of the upper face and scalp
Abducent nerve (CNVI) - controls the movement of the lateral rectus muscle in humans, responsible for outward gaze
Ophthalmic veins – provides drainage for the ethmoidal veins.
14
Q
Q106. Name the marked feature
A
Mandibular notch
15
Q
Q77. Name the foramen
A
Foramen lacerum
16
Q
Q15. The fusing of the flat bones of the skull cap occur through ossification, what is the name of this type of ossification?
A
Intramembranous ossification
17
Q
Q95. What passes through the foramen magnum?
A
Brainstem/spinal cord
Vertebral arteries
Ascending portion of the spinal accessory nerve (CNXI)
18
Q
Q123. Name the marked feature
A
Zygomaticofacial foramen
19
Q
Q118. Name the marked feature
A
Foramen spinosum
20
Q
Q14. Bones of base of skull such as ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital, frontal and temporal are part of which subdivision of the neurocranium?
A
Cartilaginous neurocranium
21
Q
Q44. Name the suture
A
Sagittal suture
22
Q
Q42. The adult skull is broken down to 3 segments, the BASE, CALVARIA and FACE. Bones of the skull or located on each segment. What bones are found in the face?
A
Frontal
Maxilla x2
Nasal x2
Zygomatic x2
Lacrimal x2
23
Q
Q57. Name the suture
A
Sphenofrontal suture
Sphenoparietal suture
Sphenotemporal suture
24
Q
Q12. The Neurocranium can be subdivided in to two groups what are they.
A
Membranous neurocranium (dermatocranium)
Cartilaginous neurocranium (chondrocranium)
25
Q64. Name the marked feature
Styloid process
26
Q78. Name the foramen
Carotid canal
27
Q73. Name the foramen
Superior orbital fissure
28
Q114. Name the marked feature
Mylohyoid line
29
Q21. Name the bones and structure of the skull.
30
Q105. Name the marked feature
Coronoid process of the mandible
31
Q96. Name the marked features
Inferior nasal concha and inferior meatus
32
Q48. Name the suture
Zygomatico-temporal suture
33
Q17. Of the subdivisions of the neurocranium, which bone is more protective?
Membrane bone
34
Q111. Name the marked feature
Mandibular foramen
35
Q40. The adult skull is broken down to 3 segments, the BASE, CALVARIA and FACE. Bones of the skull or located on each segment. What bones are found in the base?
Sphenoid
Temporal x2
occipital
36
37
Q94. What passes through the hypoglossal canal?
Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII) - provides motor control of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue
38
Q41. The adult skull is broken down to 3 segments, the BASE, CALVARIA and FACE. Bones of the skull or located on each segment. What bones are found in the calvaria?
Frontal
Parietal x2
Sphenoid
Temporal x2
Occipital
39
Q3-Q7. Skulls are viewed from 5 standard perspective using FH. What is this perspective?
normalateralis
40
Q93. What passes through the jugular foramen?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX) – is a mixed nerve supplies the pharynx, ear, posterior 1/3 of the tongue.
Vagus nerve (CNX) - It plays a major role in regulating the heart rate and keeping the gastrointestinal tract in working order. The vagus nerves also carry **sensory** information from the internal organs back to the brain
Descending portion of the spinal accessory nerve (CNXI) - which controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Internal jugular vein – transfer deoxygenated blood from the brain and face back to the superior vena cava
41
Q2. The Frankfurt Horizontal plane is defined by three points, what are they and where are they located?
Right and left porion points (located at top of each external acoustic meatus)
Left orbitale (located at bottom of left orbit)
42
Q3-Q7. Skulls are viewed from 5 standard perspective using FH. What is this perspective?
norma ocipitalis
43
Q1. Skulls of different individuals are compared in the same orientation, what is the name of this orientation?
The Frankfurt Horizontal (FH) Plane
44
Q116. Name the marked feature
Lesser wing of sphenoid bone
45
Q67. Name the marked feature
External acoustic meatus
46
Q92. What passes through the internal acoustic foramen?
Facial nerve (CNVII) - he nerves of the scalp, face, and side of neck. It emerges from the pons of the brainstem, controls the **muscles** of facial expression, and functions in the conveyance of taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII) - The **vestibulocochlear nerve** is responsible for both hearing and balance and brings information from the inner ear to the brain. A human's sense of equilibrium is determined by this **nerve**
47
Q113. Name the marked feature
Oblique line of mandible
48
Q28. The ethmoid bone is made up of three parts, what are the name of the parts?
Cribriform plate
Perpendicular plate
Ethmoidal labyrinth
49
Q22. What is the name of the muscle markings found on the posterior side of the skull.
The nuchal lines represent the most superior point at which muscles of the neck attach to the skull
50
Q84. What passes through the pores of the cribriform plate?
Olfactory nerve (CNI)
51
Q63. Name the marked feature
Temporal fossa
52
Q108. Name the marked feature
Masseteric tuberosity
53
Q76. Name the foramen
Foramen spinosum
54
Q97. Name the marked features
Middle nasal concha and middle meatus
55
Q3-Q7. Skulls are viewed from 5 standard perspective using FH. What is this perspective?
norma frontalis
56
Q3-Q7. Skulls are viewed from 5 standard perspective using FH. What is this perspective?
norma vertacalis
57
Q30. Projecting superiorly from the cribriform plate is the ……….?
Crista galli
58
Q39. Where is the lacrimal bone located?
59
Q119. Name the marked feature
Greater wing of sphenoid bone
60
Q31. What is the name of the projection of bone that descends from the cribriform plate?
The perpendicular plate – it forms the superior two-thirds if the nasal septum.
61
Q36. Annotate the nasal cavity
62
Q70. What is this muscle attached to?
Neuchal lines
63
Q98. Name the marked features
Superior nasal concha and superior nasal meatus
64
Q27. What cranial nerve passes through the cribriform plate?
The olfactory nerve has numerous nerve fibres that pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, to innervate the nasal cavity, with the sense of smell.
65
Q58. What has been marked?
66
Q87. What passes through the foramen rotundum
Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (CNV2) - Its primary **function** is sensory supply to the mid-third of the face.
67
Q26. Which cavity is the ethmoid bone located in?
Nasal cavity
68
Q69. Name the marked feature
External occipital protuberance
69
Q80. Name the foramen
Jugular foramen
70
Q29. What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?
Cribriform plate
71
Q61. Name the marked feature
orbital sutures
72
Q103. Name the marked feature
Alveolar process of maxilla
73
Q23. What is the name of the highlighted structure and what is its function?
the name of the structure is the mastoid process and the sternocleidomastoid muscle is a long, bilateral muscle of the neck, which functions to flex the neck both laterally and anteriorly, as well as rotate the head contralaterally to the side of contraction
74
Q16. The fusing of the bones of the base of skull occurs through ossification, what is the name of this type of ossification?
Endochondral ossification
75
Q68. Name the marked feature
Infratemporal fossa
76
Q107. Name the marked feature
Ramus of mandible
77
Q54. Name the process
Odontoid process on C2
78
Q25. Name the structures
79
Q75. Name the foramen
Foramen rotundum
80
Q10. The Viscerocranium – the upper part forms the orbits and nose, and the lower part, together with the mandible, constitutes the jaws. What is the functions of the Viscerocranium
Breathing and eating
81
Q82. Name the foramen
Foramen magnum
82
Q90. What passes foramen lacerum
Greater petrosal nerve - is a **nerve** in the skull that branches from the facial **nerve**; it forms part of a chain of **nerves** that innervate the lacrimal gland.
83
Q124. Name the marked feature.
84
Q81. Name the foramen
Hypoglossal canal
85
Q19. Name the marked bones.
86
Q115. Name the marked feature
Digastric fossa
87
Q59. Name the marked feature
Supraorbital foramen/notch
88
Q71. Name the foramen
Foramen caecum
89
Q99. Name the marked feature
Sphenoethmoidal recess
90
Q60. Name the marked feature
Supraorbital margin
91
Q74. Name the foramen
Foramen ovale
92
Q62. Name the marked feature
Zygomatic arch
93
Q56. Where is the metopic suture found?
found in children; on the midline of the frontal bone
94
Q43. Name the suture
Coronal suture
95
Q51. Name the joints
1. Atlantooccipital joint
2. Atlantoaxial joint
96
Q102. Name the marked feature
Palatine process of maxilla
97
Q121. The petrous part is the hardest part of the temporal bone. What passes through this part?
Main artery to the brain.
98
Q101. Name the marked feature
Frontal process of maxilla
99
Q79. Name the foramen
Internal acoustic meatus
100
Q72. Name the foramen
Optic canal
101
Q18. Of the subdivisions of the neurocranium, which bone is more supportive?
Endochondral bone
102
Q53. Name the suture
Basilar suture
103
Q88. What passes through the foramen ovale
Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CNV3) - The motor root of the **trigeminal nerve** joins the sensory component distal to the **trigeminal** ganglion and distributes its axons to the muscles of mastication.
Lesser petrosal nerve - is the general visceral efferent component of the glossopharyngeal **nerve** carrying parasympathetic pre-ganglionic fibres from the tympanic plexus to the parotid gland.
104
Q91. What passes through the carotid canal?
Internal carotid artery – supplies blood to the structures inside the skull.
105
Q47. Name the suture
Zygomatico-frontal suture
106
Q50. Name the feature
Occipital condyles
107
Q49. Name the suture
Zygomatico-maxillary suture
108
Q85. What passes through the optic canal
Optic nerve (CNII) and ophthalmic artery
109
Q112. Name the marked feature
Mental foramen
110
4. Name the bones of the skull
111
Q110. Name the marked feature
Alveolar process of mandible
112
Q55. Name the suture
Frontonasal suture
113
Q46. Name the suture
Squamosal suture
114
Q122. Name the marked feature
Greater palatine foramen
Lesser palatine foramen
115
Q117. Name the marked feature
Foramen ovale
116
Q32. Where would you find the ethmoidal sinuses?
The ethmoidal sinuses are in the ethmoidal labyrinths.
117
Q13. Flat bones of skull cap such as temporal, parietal, frontal and occipital bones are part of which subdivision of the neurocranium?
Membranous neurocranium
118
Q9. The Neurocranium – consists of a base and a vault whose side walls and roof (calvaria) complete the bony covering. What is the function of the neurocranium?
supports & protects the brain
119
Q100. Name the marked feature
Zygomatic process of maxilla
120
Q120. Name the 3 marked features.
Medial pterygoid process
Lateral pterygoid process
Pterygoid hamulus
121
Q52. Name the joint
Temporomandibular joint
122
Q37. Where does the dural venous sinuses lie?
123
Q89. What passes through the foramen spinosum
Middle meningeal artery – supplies the dura mater and the calvaria. The anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery runs beneath the pterion.
