Anatomy: Pterygopalatine fossa

Question 1

what anatomical structure is responsible for the nasal glands to secrete mucus and the lacrimal glands to produce tears

Answer 1

the activation of the pterygopalatine ganglion, known as the ganglion of hay fever.

Question 2

Where is the pterygopalatine ganglion located

Answer 2

located in the pterygopalatine fossa

Question 3

The pterygopalatine fossa communicates with the orbit via the what

Answer 3

inferior orbital fissure

Question 4

The pterygopalatine fossa communicates with the middle cranial fossa via two foramens what are they

Answer 4

foramen rotundum and pterygoid canal

Question 5

Where is the pterygoid canal located

Answer 5

posterior aspect of the sphenoid bone

Question 6

Where is the pterygoid canal located in reference to the foramen rotundum?

Answer 6

posteriorly

Question 7

Nerve fibres pass through the pterygoid canal to go where?

Answer 7

pterygopalatine fossa

Question 8

Which nerve fibre types pass through the pterygoid canal to the pterygopalatine fossa

Answer 8

sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres

Question 9

Autonomic nerve fibres from the pterygopalatine fossa enter the nasal cavity via the what

Answer 9

sphenopalatine foramen

Question 10

What three structures are present in the pterygopalatine fossa:

Answer 10

Terminal 1/3^rd of the maxillary artery

CN Vb (maxillary division)

sphenopalatine ganglion/pterygopalatine fossa

Question 11

Which part of the maxillary artery does the sphenopalatine artery branch off?

Answer 11

3rd part

Question 12

Which branch of the maxillary artery supplies the nasal cavity?

Answer 12

sphenopalatine artery

Question 13

The descending palatine artery branches to form which two arteries?

Answer 13

greater and lesser palatine artery

Question 14

Which arteries of the maxillary artery supply the upper dentition?

Answer 14

posterior, middle and anterior superior alveolar artery

Question 15

Which alveolar artery does not branch of the infraorbital artery?

Answer 15

posterior superior alveolar artery

Question 16

The maxillary artery become what after it passes through the inferior orbital fissure?

Answer 16

infraorbital artery

Question 17

Which two alveolar arteries branch of the infraorbital artery?

Answer 17

middle and anterior superior alveolar artery.

Question 18

Which artery supplies the soft tissues of the face?

Answer 18

infraorbital artery

Question 19

which foramen does the infraorbital artery terminate from

Answer 19

infraorbital foramen

Question 20

Which part of the maxillary artery supplies the nasal cavity?

Answer 20

sphenopalatine artery

Question 21

Which artery supplies the hard palate?

Answer 21

greater palatine artery

Question 22

Which artery supplies the soft palate?

Answer 22

lesser palatine artery

Question 23

What is the name of the artery before it branches to form the greater and lesser palatine artery?

Answer 23

the descending palatine artery.

Question 24

On the lateral wall of the nasal cavity, what are the names of the artery and nerves that run along side it?

Answer 24

the greater and lesser palatine nerves and arteries.

Question 25

locate the posterior superior alveolar nerve

Answer 25

Question 26

locate the sphenopalatine artery

Answer 26

Question 27

On the nasal septum of the nasal cavity, what are the names of the artery and nerves that run along side it?

Answer 27

sphenopalatine artery, with the nasopalatine nerve

Question 28

Which nerve supplies the anterior aspect of the nasal cavity?

Answer 28

CNV1

Question 29

Which nerve supplies the posterior aspect of the nasal cavity?

Answer 29

CNV2

Question 30

What is the named branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve that supplies the anterior aspect of the nasal cavity?

Answer 30

anterior ethmoidal branch of the nasociliary.

Question 31

What is the named branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve that supplies the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 31

lateral nasal branches of the greater palatine nerve

Question 32

What is the named branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve that supplies the nasal septum (medial wall of the nasal cavity) of the nasal cavity?

Answer 32

nasopalatine nerve

Question 33

The maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve terminates on the face, which foramen does it terminate at?

Answer 33

infraorbital foramen.

Question 34

What is the name of the ganglion that sits outside of the foramen rotundum?

Answer 34

pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 35

The pterygopalatine ganglion is attached to CNV2 through the attachment of what?

Answer 35

ganglionic branches.

Question 36

Greater and lesser palatine nerve and nasopalatine nerve branch of which ganglion?

Answer 36

pterygopalatine ganglion.

Question 37

Which division of the trigeminal nerve supplies the lacrimal gland?

Answer 37

ophthalmic division

Question 38

The zygomatic nerve branches to form the zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial nerve? Where do these two nerves terminate?

Answer 38

zygomaticotemporal nerve terminates via the zygomaticotemporal foramen. Zygomaticofacial nerve terminates via the zygomaticofacial foramen

Question 39

The zygomatic nerve has a communicating branch. Which nerve does it communicate with?

Answer 39

lacrimal nerve

Question 40

Which nerve supplies the posterior dentition?

Answer 40

posterior superior alveolar nerve

Question 41

Which alveolar nerve branches of the maxillary nerve?

Answer 41

posterior superior alveolar nerve

Question 42

Which nerve supplies the middle and anterior aspect of the maxillary dentition?

Answer 42

middle and anterior superior alveolar nerve.

Question 43

The middle and anterior superior alveolar nerve branch of which part of the maxillary nerve?

Answer 43

branch of the infraorbital grove.

Question 44

Which alveolar nerve supplies the mucosa of the maxillary sinus?

Answer 44

middle superior alveolar nerve

Question 45

Which alveolar nerve supplies the skin/mucosa of the **upper lip** and labial and buccal gingiva?

Answer 45

anterior superior alveolar nerve.

Question 46

Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres leave the spinal nerve via which thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 46

T1

Question 47

What synapses in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion?

Answer 47

preganglionic sympathetic fibres

Question 48

Which ganglion would the preganglionic sympathetic fibres synapse at? (superior, middle, inferior)

Answer 48

superior cervical sympathetic ganglion.

Question 49

What do preganglionic sympathetic fibres become once they have synapsed?

Answer 49

postsympathetic fibres.

Question 50

The postganglionic sympathetic fibres travel to which nerve? which gives rise to a plexus on the ………. ………. ………..?

Answer 50

internal carotid nerve , internal carotid artery

Question 51

What sympathetic nerve fibres are present in the internal carotid plexus?

Answer 51

postsynaptic fibres.

Question 52

The internal carotid plexus forms together to produce a singular nerve, what is the name of this nerve?

Answer 52

deep petrosal nerve.

Question 53

What nerve fibre type are present on the deep petrosal nerve?

Answer 53

postsynaptic sympathetic fibres

Question 54

What foreman does the deep petrosal nerve pass through to reach the nasal cavity?

Answer 54

pterygoid canal

Question 55

What nerve fibre is present in the greater petrosal nerve?

Answer 55

**pre-ganglionic parasympathetic** secretomotor fibres.

Question 56

Which nerves make up the ‘nerve of the pterygoid canal’?

Answer 56

greater petrosal and deep petrosal nerve.

Question 57

Where do the pre-ganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor fibres in CN VII synapse?

Answer 57

pterygopalatine ganglion.

Question 58

Once the parasympathetic nerve fibres of CNVII synapse at the pterygopalatine ganglion, where do they distribute themselves?

Answer 58

mucosa of the nasal cavity and the lacrimal gland.

Question 59

Which nerve fibres are responsible for excess mucous and tear production?

Answer 59

parasympathetic fibres of the facial nerve.

Question 60

Which nerve fibres works to oppose the effects of the parasympathetic nerve fibres?

Answer 60

The sympathetic nerve fibres of the deep petrosal nerve.

Question 61

Does The deep petrosal nerve synapse at the pterygopalatine ganglion?

Answer 61

no

Question 62

What are the two-fibre type that enters the pterygoid canal?

Answer 62

– parasympathetic (greater petrosal) and sympathetic (deep petrosal).

Question 63

Which nerve relays the **postsynaptic parasympathetic** nerve fibres to the lacrimal gland, from the **pterygopalatine ganglion?**

Answer 63

postsynaptic parasympathetic nerve fibres are relayed via the zygomatic nerve to the lacrimal gland.